scholarly journals Characteristics of Energetic Electrons Near Active Magnetotail Reconnection Sites: Statistical Evidence for Local Energization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Cohen ◽  
Drew L. Turner ◽  
Barry H. Mauk ◽  
Sam T. Bingham ◽  
J. Bern Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Energetic Electrons ◽  
Magnetotail Reconnection

scholarly journals Comparisons of electron acceleration efficiency among different structures during magnetic reconnection: a Cluster multicase study

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhou ◽  
T. Li ◽  
X. Deng ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Current Sheet ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Electron Acceleration ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Magnetic Island ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Energetic Electrons ◽  
Thin Current Sheet ◽  
Magnetotail Reconnection

Abstract. Magnetic reconnection has long been believed to be an efficient engine for energetic electrons production. Four different structures have been proposed for electrons being energized: flux pileup region, density cavity located around the separatrix, magnetic island and thin current sheet. In this paper, we compare the electron acceleration efficiency among these structures based on 12 magnetotail reconnection events observed by the Cluster spacecraft in 2001–2006. We used the flux ratio between the energetic electrons (> 50 keV) and lower energy electrons (< 26 keV) to quantify the electron acceleration efficiency. We do not find any specific sequence in which electrons are accelerated within these structures, though the flux pileup region, magnetic island and thin current sheet have higher probabilities to reach the maximum efficiency among the four structures than the density cavity. However, the most efficient electron energization usually occurs outside these structures. We suggest that other structures may also play important roles in energizing electrons. Our results could provide important constraints for the further modeling of electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection.

scholarly journals Energetic particles in magnetotail reconnection

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Bo Peng ◽  
Juris Vencels ◽  
Giovanni Lapenta ◽  
Andrey Divin ◽  
Andris Vaivads ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Lower Hybrid ◽  
Electron Trajectory ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Energetic Electrons ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Reconnection Region ◽  
Magnetotail Reconnection ◽  
Drift Instability

We carried out a 3D fully kinetic simulation of Earth's magnetotail magnetic reconnection to study the dynamics of energetic particles. We developed and implemented a new relativistic particle mover in iPIC3D, an implicit Particle-in-Cell code, to correctly model the dynamics of energetic particles. Before the onset of magnetic reconnection, energetic electrons are found localized close to current sheet and accelerated by lower hybrid drift instability. During magnetic reconnection, energetic particles are found in the reconnection region along thex-line and in the separatrices region. The energetic electrons are first present in localized stripes of the separatrices and finally cover all the separatrix surfaces. Along the separatrices, regions with strong electron deceleration are found. In the reconnection region, two categories of electron trajectory are identified. First, part of the electrons are trapped in the reconnection region, bouncing a few times between the outflow jets. Second, part of the electrons pass the reconnection region without being trapped. Different from electrons, energetic ions are localized on the reconnection fronts of the outflow jets.

scholarly journals Statistics of energetic electrons in the magnetotail reconnection

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 3108-3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhou ◽  
Tangmu Li ◽  
Xiaohua Deng ◽  
Ye Pang ◽  
Xiaojun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Electrons ◽  
Magnetotail Reconnection

Contract institutions in the Russian economy: The sphere of state, municipal, and regulated procurement

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Anchishkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Market Behavior ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Contracting Model

The article synthesizes information on database analysis of state, municipal, and regulated procurement through which Russian contract institutions and the market model are investigated. The inherent uncertainty of quantity indicators on contracting activities and process is identified and explained. The article provides statistical evidence for heterogeneous market structure in state and municipal procurement, and big player’s dominance. A theoretical model for market behavior, noncooperative competition and collusion is proposed, through which the major trends are explained. The intrinsic flaws and failure of the current contracting model are revealed and described. This ineffectiveness is regarded to be not a limitation, but a challenge to be met. If responded to, drivers for economic growth and market equilibrium will be switched on.

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