scholarly journals Impact of Droughts on Water Supply in U.S. Watersheds: The Role of Renewable Surface and Groundwater Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Apurv ◽  
Ximing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Renewable Surface

scholarly journals A review on harvesting and harnessing rainwater: an alternative strategy to cope with drinking water scarcity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2951-2963
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Khanal ◽  
Anusha Thapa ◽  
Niranjan Devkota ◽  
Udaya Raj Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Water Sufficiency

Abstract Currently available sources of water face extreme pressures around the globe because of oblivious human activities as well as changing climate. The rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) carries a huge potential to enhance surface and groundwater resources in regions having a poor water supply. Recently, several countries have started to promote the updated implementation of such practice to tackle the problem of growing water demand. These considerations motivated our enthusiasm for looking at its current circumstances and the possibility of RWHS in the future. In this regard, the study aims to identify the evidence gap among different determinants (climate change, reliability, water quality and financial viability) intertwined with RWHS. In the paper, studies related to the significance of RWHS amidst scarcity of water around the globe, published in valued journals from 2000 to 2020, are reviewed. We found that the RWHS becomes economically viable when certain steps and risk assessment methods are executed in planning and maintaining this system. The study concludes that drinking water sufficiency is possible if a sustainable drinking water supply system is built via RWHS.

scholarly journals Impacts of hydraulic fracturing on surface and groundwater water resources: A case study from Louisiana, USA.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanz Gunter Unruh ◽  
Emad Hosny Habib ◽  
David Borrok
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Abstract Background: Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, frequently referred to as shale plays , have been gaining more attention in recent years. Hydraulic fracturing is performed to extract fossil fuels from unconventional reservoirs. Besides possible environmental implications, a better understanding of the potential stress that fracking may cause to water resources at the local or regional scale is still needed. The goal of this study is to assess the impact of current and projected future water demands for fracking on water resources in two main shale plays in Louisiana, USA. Methods: The analysis is performed in Louisiana’s two main shale plays, the Haynesville Shale and the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale, using the Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) framework. WaSSI is used to evaluate the stress at a fine watershed scale (HUC12) for annual-average conditions. The study analyzes different scenarios of historical and two future projected fracking conditions that simulate different extraction rates. In each fracking scenario, stresses on both surface and groundwater are evaluated separately. The study is based on a multitude of water supply and withdrawals datasets assembled and disaggregated to the watershed scale. Results: Under existing conditions, the impact of fracking water demands on surface water resources is within the low stress category in most watersheds in both shale plays. This impact remains low under more aggressive future fracking scenarios. In contrast, groundwater resources appear to be highly vulnerable under both the historical and projected fracking scenarios, especially in the Haynesville Shale where 20 out of the 94 watersheds become medium or highly stressed. If groundwater resources remained as a main source for fracking water, the number of stressed watersheds increased to 39 and 86 under the two projected future fracking scenarios. The least exploited Tuscaloosa Marine Shale remains mostly under low stress, except in the most aggressive future fracking scenario. Conclusions: Surface water resources in Louisiana’s shale plays seem abundant enough for fracking activities to rely on this source instead of groundwater whenever possible. Groundwater resources in Louisiana are clearly vulnerable to fracking activities, especially for the Haynesville shale play, under current and future projected fracking conditions.

scholarly journals Water contamination events in UK drinking-water supply systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply companies in the UK have a duty under prime UK legislation to notify the Drinking Water Inspectorate of events affecting or potentially affecting the quality of drinking-water supplies. Under the same legislation, the Inspectorate has a duty to investigate each event. After assessing all of the information available, including companies' reports, the Inspectorate advises on the way in which the event was handled and whether any statutory requirements were contravened. If appropriate, a prosecution of the water company may be initiated. Copies of the assessment are sent to the water company, relevant local and health authorities, Ofwat (the economic regulator), the regional Consumer Council for Water and any other interested parties, including consumers who request it. Generic guidance may be issued to the industry on matters of wider concern. This paper considers the role of the Inspectorate, the powers available to it and reporting arrangements. An overview is presented of events that occurred between 1990 and 2005 and common features are identified. Causes of different types of event are discussed. The importance of well-established contacts between the various interested parties involved in protecting public health is emphasised through discussion of example incidents.

scholarly journals Acute melioidosis outbreak in Western Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. J. INGLIS ◽  
S. C. GARROW ◽  
C. ADAMS ◽  
M. HENDERSON ◽  
M. MAYO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Potable Water Supply

A cluster of acute melioidosis cases occurred in a remote, coastal community in tropical Western Australia. Molecular typing of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from culture-confirmed cases and suspected environmental sources by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI chromosomal DNA digests showed that a single PFGE type was responsible for five cases of acute infection in a community of around 300 during a 5 week period. This temporal and geographical clustering of acute melioidosis cases provided a unique opportunity to investigate the environmental factors contributing to this disease. B. pseudomallei isolated from a domestic tap at the home of an asymptomatic seroconverter was indistinguishable by PFGE. Possible contributing environmental factors included an unusually acid communal water supply, unrecordable chlorine levels during the probable exposure period, a nearby earth tremor, and gusting winds during the installation of new water and electricity supplies. The possible role of the potable water supply as a source of B. pseudomallei was investigated further.

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