Subpolar Mode Water in the northeastern Atlantic: 1. Averaged properties and mean circulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (C4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Brambilla ◽  
Lynne D. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Mode Water ◽  
Subpolar Mode Water ◽  
Mean Circulation ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic

scholarly journals Origin, formation and variability of the Subpolar Mode Water located over the Reykjanes Ridge

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (C12) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Boisséson ◽  
V. Thierry ◽  
H. Mercier ◽  
G. Caniaux ◽  
D. Desbruyères
Keyword(s):  
Mode Water ◽  
Reykjanes Ridge ◽  
Subpolar Mode Water

Subpolar mode water classes in the northeast Atlantic: Interannual and long-term variability

2017 ◽  
Vol 476 (2) ◽  
pp. 1203-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Gladyshev ◽  
V. S. Gladyshev ◽  
S. K. Gulev ◽  
A. V. Sokov
Keyword(s):  
Mode Water ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Subpolar Mode Water

scholarly journals Occurrence and characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schütte ◽  
Peter Brandt ◽  
Johannes Karstensen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Current System ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
Mode Water ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic

Abstract. Coherent mesoscale features (referred to here as eddies) in the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean (between 12–22° N and 15–26° W) are examined and characterized. The eddies' surface signatures are investigated using 19 years of satellite-derived sea level anomaly (SLA) data. Two automated detection methods are applied, the geometrical method based on closed streamlines around eddy cores, and the Okubo–Weiß method based on the relation between vorticity and strain. Both methods give similar results. Mean eddy surface signatures of SLA, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) anomalies are obtained from composites of all snapshots around identified eddy cores. Anticyclones/cyclones are identified by an elevation/depression of SLA and enhanced/reduced SST and SSS in their cores. However, about 20 % of all anticyclonically rotating eddies show reduced SST and reduced SSS instead. These kind of eddies are classified as anticyclonic mode-water eddies (ACMEs). About 146 ± 4 eddies per year with a minimum lifetime of 7 days are identified (52 % cyclones, 39 % anticyclones, 9 % ACMEs) with rather similar mean radii of about 56 ± 12 km. Based on concurrent in situ temperature and salinity profiles (from Argo float, shipboard, and mooring data) taken inside of eddies, distinct mean vertical structures of the three eddy types are determined. Most eddies are generated preferentially in boreal summer and along the West African coast at three distinct coastal headland regions and carry South Atlantic Central Water supplied by the northward flow within the Mauretanian coastal current system. Westward eddy propagation (on average about 3.00 ± 2.15 km d−1) is confined to distinct zonal corridors with a small meridional deflection dependent on the eddy type (anticyclones – equatorward, cyclones – poleward, ACMEs – no deflection). Heat and salt fluxes out of the coastal region and across the Cape Verde Frontal Zone, which separates the shadow zone from the ventilated subtropical gyre, are calculated.

scholarly journals The Shallow Overturning Circulation in the Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Nagura ◽  
Michael J. McPhaden
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Mode Water ◽  
Ocean Reanalysis ◽  
Subantarctic Mode Water ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Mean Circulation

AbstractThe number of in situ observations in the Indian Ocean has dramatically increased over the past 15 years thanks to the implementation of the Argo profiling float program. This study estimates the mean circulation in the Indian Ocean using hydrographic observations obtained from both Argo and conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) observations. Absolute velocity at the Argo float parking depth is used so there is no need to assume a level of no motion. Results reveal previously unknown features in addition to well-known currents and water masses. Some newly identified features include the lack of an interior pathway to the equator from the southern Indian Ocean in the pycnocline, indicating that water parcels must transit through the western boundary to reach the equator. High potential vorticity (PV) intrudes from the western coast of Australia in the depth range of the Subantarctic Mode Water, which leads to a structure similar to a PV barrier. The subtropical anticyclonic gyre retreats poleward with depth, as happens in the subtropical Atlantic and Pacific. An eastward flow was found in the eastern basin along 15°S at the depth of the Antarctic Intermediate Water—a feature expected from property distributions but never before detected in velocity estimates. Meridional mass transport indicates about 10 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) southward flow at 6°S and 18 Sv northward flow at 20°S, which results in meridional convergence of currents and thermocline depression at about 16°–20°S. These estimated absolute velocities agree well with those of an ocean reanalysis, which lends credibility to the strictly databased analysis.

Observations on Cardiac Output and ”Pulmonary Blood Volume” in Normal Man by External Recording of the Intracardiac Flow of 131I Labelled Albumin

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
Jacques Lammerant ◽  
Norman Veall ◽  
Michel De Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Volume ◽  
Intracardiac Flow ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Mean Circulation

Summary1. The technique for the measurement of cardiac output by external recording of the intracardiac flow of 131I labelled human serum albumin has been extended to provide a measure of the mean circulation time from right to left heart and hence a new approach to the estimation of the pulmonary blood volume.2. Values for the basal cardiac output in normal subjects and its variations with age are in good agreement with the previously published data of other workers.3. The pulmonary blood volume in normal man in the basal state was found to be 28.2 ± 0.6% of the total blood volume.4. There was no correlation between cardiac output and pulmonary blood volume in a series of normal subjects in the basal state.5. The increase in cardiac output during digestion was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 6.3 ± 1.2% of the total blood volume, that is, about 280 ml.6. The increase in cardiac output during exercise was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 4.5 ± 1.0% of the total blood volume, that is, about 200 ml.7. The increase in cardiac output attributed to alarm is not associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume, the latter may in fact be increased.8. The total blood volume is advocated as a standard of reference for studies of this type in normal subjects in preference to body weight or surface area.9. The significance of these results and the validity of the method are discussed.

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