scholarly journals Stabilization and controlled release of ethyl formate for in-packaging fumigation of fresh produce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaitoon Amr ◽  
Ayesha Jabeen ◽  
Loong-Tak Lim ◽  
Cynthia Scott-Dupree
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Ethyl Formate

scholarly journals Ethyl formate a potential organic fumigant for fresh produce

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 444-444
Author(s):  
H. Krishna ◽  
C.W. Van_Epenhuijsen ◽  
A. Carpenter ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
D.W. Brash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Ethyl Formate

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ethyl Formate, Phosphine, and Their Combination to Disinfest Harvested Celery against Purple Scum Springtails

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-501
Author(s):  
Qasim Ahmed ◽  
Yonglin Ren ◽  
Robert Emery ◽  
James Newman ◽  
Manjree Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Laboratory Temperature ◽  
Natural Infestation

Export celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) from Australia has been affected by a natural infestation of purple scum springtails (Hypogastrura vernalis). These insects live inside the celery head, contaminating fresh celery, but do not cause any visible damage. As a result, purple scum springtail-infested celery has led to rejection for export with an impact on market value for fresh produce. In this study, fumigation with ethyl formate (EF), phosphine (PH3), and their combination on mortality of purple scum springtails in naturally infested celery was evaluated. Laboratory experiments were conducted using concentrations of 50, 60, and 90 mg·L−1 of EF for 1, 2, and 4 hours; 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg·L−1 of PH3 for 2, 4, and 6 hours; and 20, 30, and 40 mg·L−1 of EF combined with 1 mg·L−1 of PH3, for 2 and 4 hours at the laboratory temperature 25 °C. Complete control was achieved at 90 mg·L−1 of EF for 2 hours; however, phytotoxicity was observed in celery treated by EF at all concentrations. PH3 at 2.5 mg·L−1 achieved 100% mortality within 6 hours, and no phytotoxicity was evident. Mortality of 100% was achieved also at 30 and 40 mg·L−1 EF combined with 1 mg·L−1 of PH3 for 2 and 4 hours exposure time; however, phytotoxicity occurred with EF alone treatments and with the combination. From these data, we conclude that PH3 alone has potential as a fumigant for the preshipment treatment of celery infested with purple scum springtails.

scholarly journals The potential of ethyl formate carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Griffin ◽  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
J. Poulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pseudococcus Viburni ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth

Ethyl formate (EF) is a generally recognised as safe (GRAS) compound that can be applied as a fumigant to disinfest fresh produce This paper reports initial research to determine the dose responses of various pests to ethyl formatecarbon dioxide treatment during 1 2 3 and 4h treatments at ambient temperatures between 18 and 23C Thrips (mixtures of Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis) on lupin flowers obscure mealybugs (Pseudococcus viburni) on potatoes and greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax) on potatoes were more susceptible than either lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) eggs on plastic and fifth instar larvae on apples or codling moth (Cydia pomonella) second/ third instars and fifth instars on apples Further efficacy studies are warranted to investigate the commercial viability of EFCO2 treatment of fresh produce against other pests effects on fruit quality and commercial application logistics

Controlled release antibiotics for dry powder lung delivery

2009 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 090805050810080-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handoko Adi ◽  
Paul Michael Young ◽  
Hak-Kim Chan ◽  
Rania Salama ◽  
Daniela Traini
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Lung Delivery

Controlled Release of Metformin Hydrochloride I. In vitro Release from Physical Mixture Containing Xanthan Gum as Hydrophilic Rate Retarding Polymer

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkura Ashrafi ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Selim Reza
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Very High

Capsules of different formulations were prepared by using a hydrophilic polymer, xanthan gum and a filler Ludipress. Metformin hydrochloride, which is an anti-diabetic agent, was used as a model drug here with the aim to formulate sustained release capsules. In the first 6 formulations, metformin hydrochloride and xanthan gum were used in different ratio. Later, Ludipress was added to the formulations in a percentage of 8% to 41%. The total procedure was carried out by physical mixing of the ingredients and filling in capsule shells of size ‘1’. As metformin hydrochloride is a highly water soluble drug, the dissolution test was done in 250 ml distilled water in a thermal shaker (Memmert) with a shaking speed of 50 rpm at 370C &plusmn 0.50C for 6 hours. After the dissolution, the data were treated with different kinetic models. The results found from the graphs and data show that the formulations follow the Higuchian release pattern as they showed correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 and the sustaining effect of the formulations was very high when the xanthan gum was used in a very high ratio with the drug. It was also investigated that the Ludipress extended the sustaining effect of the formulation to some extent. But after a certain period, Ludipress did not show any significant effect as the pores made by the xanthan gum network were already blocked. It is found here that when the metformin hydrochloride and the xanthan gum ratio was 1:1, showed a high percentage of drug release, i.e. 91.80% of drug was released after 6 hours. But With a xanthan gum and metformin hydrochloride ratio of 6:1, a very slow release of the drug was obtained. Only 66.68% of the drug was released after 6 hours. The percent loading in this case was 14%. Again, when Ludipress was used in high ratio, it was found to retard the release rate more prominently. Key words: Metformin Hydrochloride, Xanthan Gum, Controlled release capsule Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

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