scholarly journals Crystallization and Phase Changes in Paracetamol from the Amorphous Solid to the Liquid Phase

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Sibik ◽  
Michael J. Sargent ◽  
Miriam Franklin ◽  
J. Axel Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Phase Changes

scholarly journals Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Gorman ◽  
A. L. Coleman ◽  
R. Briggs ◽  
R. S. McWilliams ◽  
D. McGonegle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Phase Changes

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials for Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Hofman ◽  
Robert Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models

Carbonaceous material (brown coal) modified by pyrolysis, activation, and enrichment in nitrogen, with two different factor reagents, have been used as adsorbent of phenol from liquid phase. Changes in the phenol content in the test solutions were monitored after subsequent intervals of adsorption with selected adsorbents prepared from organic materials. Significant effect of nitrogen present in the adsorbent material on its adsorption capacity was noted. Sorption capacity of these selected materials was found to depend on the time of use, their surface area, and pore distribution. A conformation to the most well-known adsorption isotherm models, Langmuir, and Freundlich ones, confirms the formation of mono- and heterolayer solute (phenol) coverage on the surface of the adsorbent applied herein. The materials proposed as adsorbents of the aqueous solution contaminants were proved effective, which means that the waste materials considered are promising activated carbon precursors for liquid phase adsorbents for the environmental protection.

scholarly journals Disperse systems temperature field finding at reception of firm crystal-amorphous structures

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Y.V. Kornienko ◽  
P.M. Magaziy ◽  
K.O. Gatilov ◽  
R.V. Sachok
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Characteristic Point ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Disperse Systems ◽  
Gas Filtration ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Downstream Flow

The temperature field of firm crystal-amorphous structures receiption from liquid systems in the fluid bed is explored. The stable conducting terms of process are certain. Previous studies have shown that increasing the irrigation density increases the probability of formation of agglomerates, which causes a decrease in temperature; therefore, it is advisable to measure the temperature field in the environment of the dispersant and compare it with the values of temperatures at the characteristic point, according to which the regulation of the flow of liquid phase to the granulator is carried out. The objective of the experimental research was to determine the change of the temperature field in disperse systems in obtaining crystalline-amorphous solid structures in a fluidized-bed apparatus. In case of an increase in the amount of heat flow, an adequate increase in the flow of liquid phase occurs. This results in the local overturning of solid particles and, as a result, the formation of large aggregates and loss of quality of fluidization. To eliminate this disadvantage it is advisable to create conditions for uneven distribution of the coolant speed. In the downstream right and left fluxes, the coolant speed should not exceed the rate of gas filtration through the material. In the left upward flow, in which the direction of motion of the granular material is opposite to the direction of the vector of the linear velocity of the dispersed droplets of the liquid phase, it is expedient to increase the flow of the coolant in a direction that coincides with the downstream flow. To verify these provisions, it is expedient to conduct a study of the continuous process of formation of solid multilayer composites.

Development of Miniaturized Rubber Muscle Actuator Driven by Gas-Liquid Phase Change

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kato ◽  
Kazuki Sakuragi ◽  
Mingzhao Cheng ◽  
Ryo Kakiyama ◽  
Yuta Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Pneumatic Actuators ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Soft Actuators

The goal of this study is to develop a miniaturized artificial muscle in which a tiny compressor can be installed. Pneumatic actuators, such as pneumatic artificial rubber muscles (PARMs), have been widely used in many industrial and robotic research applications because they are compact and lightweight. However, the compressors driving such actuators are relatively large. To solve this problem, the authors have been researching soft actuators driven by gas-liquid phase changes (GLPCs). In this study, a fixed chamber containing a constantan heater and fluorocarbon was used to generate pressure instead of a compressor. The pressure generation caused by the GLPC was confirmed, and a PARM contraction experiment was then conducted. Additionally, a PI control system was built to test the step and frequency responses of the actuator. A frequency response of up to 4.0 Hz was determined, and the corner frequency was found to be approximately 1.5 Hz. The size of the actuator was reduced by removing the chamber and installing the heater in the rubber muscle. A PARM driving experiment was conducted, and the performance of the PARM was evaluated. The miniaturized actuator consumes less power than the original actuator.

Effect of Shape on Solid-Liquid Phase Changes of Xe Precipitates in An Al Matrix

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1258-1259
Author(s):  
K. Mitsuishi ◽  
C.W. Allen ◽  
R. C. Birtcher ◽  
U. Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Al Matrix

It is well known that rare-gas Xe atoms embedded in a crystalline Al matrix form precipitates having cuboctahedral shapes bounded by ﹛100﹜ and ﹛111﹜ surfaces1. Below a certain critical size, Xe precipitates are observed to be solid, even at room temperature. This is a result of the Laplace pressure, which is inversely proportional to the radius of the precipitate. Donnelly et al. reported that the critical size of Xe solidification was expected at 4nm in radius at room temperature.Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, it is possible to observe these particles directly. It has been demonstrated that under off-Bragg conditions, the Al lattice fringes are minimized whereas the Xe lattice fringes are maximized. From such observations, it was confirmed experimentally that the average critical size of Xe precipitates is around 4 to 5nm in radius. However, much larger Xe precipitates are sometime observed to remain solid.

Fourier transform-infrared studies of thin H2SO4/H2O films: Formation, water uptake, and solid-liquid phase changes

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (D11) ◽  
pp. 20473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Middlebrook ◽  
Laura T. Iraci ◽  
Laurie S. McNeill ◽  
Birgit G. Koehler ◽  
Margaret A. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Infrared Studies ◽  
Solid Liquid

Measurement of Solids Concentration in Slurries Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique (Keynote)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenggen Hu ◽  
Bruce Firth
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy Technique

In this research work, an electrical impedance spectroscopy technique has been developed to measure the solids concentration of slurry mixtures. This new measurement technique is based on the fact that the AC frequency responses of solids are distinct from those for the liquid phase. In this technique, the electrical impedance spectrum of slurry mixtures is measured over the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. Changes in the frequency response at different excitation signal amplitudes reflect changes in the slurry composition and the electrical conductivity of the liquid phase, and by analyzing the spectra using artificial intelligence data analysis techniques, such as Multiplayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network, one can determine the volumetric fraction of the solids phase. The technique has been successfully tested for various slurries under different conductivities of liquid phase and temperatures. In contrast with previous techniques based on conductivity or capacitance, this new technique can be used for on-line measurement of solids concentration in slurry streams even when the conductivity of the liquid phase changes substantially with time.

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