Influence of Water and Filler Content on the Dielectric Response of Silica-Filled Rubber Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2407-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Otegui ◽  
G. A. Schwartz ◽  
S. Cerveny ◽  
J. Colmenero ◽  
J. Loichen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Influence Of Water

Updating a Torsional Dynamic Rheometer for Fourier Transform Rheometry on Rubber Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean L. Leblanc ◽  
Christophe de la Chapelle
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrum ◽  
Fast Electronic

Abstract A torsional dynamic rheometer has been suitably modified in order to collect actual torque and strain data, in view of studying the non-linear viscoelastic region. Essentially a fast electronic analogic - digital conversion card is used to record and treat torque and strain signals using a purposely written software. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm was first used in order to resolve recorded signals in harmonic peak components. Preliminary investigations were conducted with pure elastomers and filled rubber compounds in order to asses the testing capabilities of the system. As expected, when the non-linear viscoelastic response of a pure, unfilled rubber is produced through increasing strain amplitude, a number of significant odd-harmonic peaks appear in the Fourier Transform Spectrum (FTS). When testing intrinsically non-linear materials such as carbon-black filled rubber compounds, FFT gives also significant odd-harmonics whose relative intensities growth with filler content. Fourier transform rheology has therefore the capability to truly investigate non-linear viscoelasticity but cannot at first sight distinguish between the non-linear behavior appearing upon increasing strain amplitude (extrinsic non-linearity) and the non-linear behavior that reflects the complex heterogeneity of the material (intrinsic non-linearity). Other data analysis techniques were thus investigated; for instance, the detail examination of the actual shape of half-period torque signals. It appears that torque signal distortions are different providing they are obtained either through larger strain amplitude tests on pure polymer or by increasing filler content.

Influence of filler-rubber interactions on the viscoelastic properties of carbon-black-filled rubber compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Léopoldès ◽  
C. Barrès ◽  
J. L. Leblanc ◽  
P. Georget
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Effects of Cure Systems of Ground Rubber and Rubber Matrix on their Adhesion and Crosslink Structures

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Kim ◽  
H. Y. Park ◽  
K. H. Seo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Layered Model ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Ground Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Abstract There has been a great deal of research on the effects of ground rubber (GR) on the cure characteristics of GR-filled rubber compounds. It has been known that the cure systems of the rubber matrix and GR also had an effect on the cure characteristics and physical properties of GR-filled compounds. In this study, the variation of the crosslink density and crosslink types of recured vulcanizates and fresh vulcanizates, with respect to the cure systems, were investigated by using a three-layered model. In addition, the adhesion forces between recured vulcanizates and fresh vulcanizates were measured, and the fracture surfaces were examined. Depending on the cure systems, the changes in the crosslink density and crosslink types of recured and fresh vulcanizates varied significantly and the failure modes of adhesion specimens were also different.

Flocculation in Silica Reinforced Rubber Compounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mihara ◽  
R. N. Datta ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Interaction Layer ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Flocculation Rate

Abstract Flocculation plays an important role in reinforcement of silica filled rubber compounds, even if coupling agents are applied. It is well known that silica tends to flocculate during the early stages of vulcanization, when no dense rubber network has been formed yet. In the present study, flocculation was monitored by following the change in storage modulus at low strain, the so-called Payne effect, using a RPA2000 dynamic mechanical tester. The kinetic parameters: the rate constant and the activation energy of the silica flocculation were calculated according to the well-known Arrhenius equation. On basis of the value of the activation energy obtained for flocculation, it can be concluded that the silica flocculation is a purely physical phenomenon. Bound rubber measurements were also done in order to estimate the interfacial interaction layer between silica and polymer resulting from the coupling agent. The silica flocculation rate decreases with increasing interfacial interaction layer on the silica surface. This indicates that the decrease of the flocculation rate is due to the shielding effect of the coupling agent. It is argued that the attractive flux from forces related to polarity differences between the silica and the rubber is the determining factor for silica flocculation.

Online Method for Characterization of the Homogeneity of Rubber Compounds Filled with Non-Conductive Carbon Black

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Le ◽  
M. Tiwari ◽  
S. Ilisch ◽  
H-J. Radusch
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Dispersion Process ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Conductance Method ◽  
Internal Mixer

Abstract In the present work, the effect of carbon black (CB) type on the electrical conductance of CB filled rubber compounds measured online in the internal mixer and the corresponding CB dispersion were investigated. The CB dispersion is strongly affected by the specific surface area and structure of CB which can be directly monitored by use of the online electrical conductance method. The effect of CB mixture ratio of a high conductive CB and a non-conductive one on the online electrical conductance was investigated for CB filled rubber compounds. By addition of a small amount of a high-conductive CB type into a non-conductive CB filled rubber compound, a characteristic online conductance - time characteristic is observed that is a result of the formation of a joint network of the two CB types. It could be shown, that such a characteristic is suitable to monitor the dispersion process of the non-conductive CB in the rubber compound.

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