Ambient-Temperature RAFT Polymerization of Styrene and Its Functional Derivatives under Mild Long-Wave UV−vis Radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (26) ◽  
pp. 9252-9261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijia Zhang ◽  
Junjie Deng ◽  
Lican Lu ◽  
Yuanli Cai
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Functional Derivatives

Photocatalyst-Free and Blue Light-Induced RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate at Ambient Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (24) ◽  
pp. 2181-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlai Ding ◽  
Caiwei Fan ◽  
Ganquan Jiang ◽  
Xiangqiang Pan ◽  
Zhengbiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Raft Polymerization

Visible light induced fast synthesis of protein–polymer conjugates: controllable polymerization and protein activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (49) ◽  
pp. 6506-6508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Gaojian Chen ◽  
David M. Haddleton ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Polymer Conjugates ◽  
Protein Polymer ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Fast Synthesis

Visible light induced fast and controllable RAFT polymerization from protein as a novel method for preparing protein–polymer conjugates at ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Determination of Temperature Distributions for the Sky Based on the Results of Measurement with an Infrared Camera

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kruczek
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Insulation Quality

The surroundings of objects in an open atmospheric space usually consist of a hypothetical surface of the sky and the surface of the ground. The aim of thermovision examination of objects located in open atmospheric space, especially buildings, is to determine the amount of heat loss or to assess the insulation quality parameters of walls, roofs and other building partitions. The tested surfaces, including elements of the outer shell of buildings, are often located at different angles to the ground surface and the sky. For the needs of thermovision testing of the considered objects and calculations concerning the radiation heat transfer, it is necessary to know the radiation parameters of the sky. These parameters include the equivalent radiative ambient temperature needed for thermovision measurements (including the temperature of the sky and the ground) and the overall radiative ambient temperature, which determines the heat loss by radiation from the tested surface. The article describes the method of determining the values of these temperatures on the basis of measuring the temperature of the sky with the use of a long-wave infrared camera and calculations. In order to verify the developed method, the results obtained with the use of the above-mentioned method were compared with the results obtained with the use of a pyrgeometer. The verification comprised the comparison of the heat flux of radiation from the sky, calculated on the basis of infrared camera measurements, with the energy flux emitted by the sky and measured with a pyrgeometer. The result of the verification is satisfactory.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of a distributed temperature-radiation index melt model based on AWS observations and surface energy balance fluxes, Hurd Peninsula glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Y. Jonsell ◽  
F. J. Navarro ◽  
M. Bañón ◽  
J. J. Lapazaran ◽  
J. Otero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Long Wave

Abstract. We use an automatic weather station and surface mass balance dataset spanning four melt seasons collected on Hurd Peninsula Glaciers, South Shetland Islands, to investigate the point surface energy balance, to determine the absolute and relative contribution of the various energy fluxes acting on the glacier surface and to estimate the sensitivity of melt to ambient temperature changes. Long-wave incoming radiation is the main energy source for melt, while short-wave radiation is the most important flux controlling the variation of both seasonal and daily mean surface energy balance. Short-wave and long-wave radiation fluxes do, in general, balance each other, resulting in a high correspondence between daily mean net radiation flux and available melt energy flux. We calibrate a distributed melt model driven by air temperature and an expression for the incoming short-wave radiation. The model is calibrated with the data from one of the melt seasons and validated with the data of the three remaining seasons. The model results deviate at most 140 mm w.e. from the corresponding observations using the glaciological method. The model is very sensitive to changes in ambient temperature: a 0.5 °C increase results in 56 % higher melt rates.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of a distributed temperature-radiation index melt model based on a four melt season AWS record from Hurd Peninsula glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 3221-3258
Author(s):  
U. Y. Jonsell ◽  
F. J. Navarro ◽  
M. Bañón ◽  
J. J. Lapazaran ◽  
J. Otero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Long Wave

Abstract. We use an automatic weather station and mass balance dataset spanning four melt seasons collected on Hurd Peninsula Glaciers, South Shetland Islands, to investigate the point surface energy balance, to determine the absolute and relative contribution of the various energy fluxes acting on the glacier surface and to estimate the sensitivity of melt to ambient temperature changes. Long-wave incoming radiation is the main energy source for melt, while short-wave radiation is the most important flux controlling the variation of both seasonal and daily mean surface energy balance. Short-wave and long-wave radiation fluxes do in general balance each other, resulting in a high correspondence between daily mean net radiation flux and available melt energy flux. We calibrate a distributed melt model driven by air temperature and an expression for the incoming short-wave radiation. The model is calibrated with the data from one of the melt seasons and validated with the data of the three remaining seasons. The model results deviate at most 0.14 m w.e. from the corresponding observations using the glaciological method. The model is very sensitive to changes in ambient temperature: a 0.5 °C increase results in 56 % higher melt rates.

RAFT Polymerization of “Splitters” and “Cryptos”: Exploiting Azole-N-carboxamides As Blocked Isocyanates for Ambient Temperature Postpolymerization Modification

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Hoff ◽  
Brooks A. Abel ◽  
Chase A. Tretbar ◽  
Charles L. McCormick ◽  
Derek L. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Raft Polymerization
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