Toward an Understanding of the Role of Water-Soluble Oligomers in the Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene−Butadiene−Acrylic Acid. Mechanisms of Water-Soluble Oligomer Formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
pp. 8356-8370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-yi Yuan ◽  
Victoria L. Dimonie ◽  
E. David Sudol ◽  
James E. Roberts ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Aasser
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oligomer Formation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

scholarly journals SiOx-based graphite composite anode and efficient binders: practical applications in lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 7801-7807
Author(s):  
Yonglian Xiong ◽  
Houchao Xing ◽  
Yongsheng Fan ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Jin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Composite Anode ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The effects of water-soluble binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) for the 15% SiOx–graphite composite anode in half cell and high voltage pouch cell were investigated.

scholarly journals On the mechanism of acrylamide emulsion polymerization with the participation of its dimers

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
L.R. Harutyunyan ◽  
◽  
R.S. Harutyunyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Free Radical Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymerization Mechanism ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Acrylamide Monomer

The role of both dimeric and monomeric forms of acrylamide monomer in the process of polymerization in emulsions initiated by different type of initiators was discussed and the reasons for the reaction order with respect to monomer greater than unity were elucidated for acrylamide free radical polymerization in emulsions. The emulsion polymerization mechanism of acrylamide is discussed separately for the processes initiated by water-soluble initiator and oil-soluble initiator. The main difference in two cases is the distribution of acrylamide and initiator in aqueous and toluene phases. In the case of using water-soluble initiator, the initiator and acrylamide are in the same phase, whereas the molecules of the initiator and acrylamide are distributed between different phases in the case of using oil-soluble initiator. As a result, the participation of the dimers in the process of acrylamide emulsion polymerization is more efficient for the system where water-soluble initiator is used. For that system, it is suggested that both dimers and monomers of acrylamide participate in the propagation reaction at relatively low concentrations of acrylamide, which explains the value of the reaction order with respect to monomer greater than unity.

Water-Soluble Acrylic Acid Copolymers and their Recycling Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 900-903
Author(s):  
Liang Mao ◽  
Wei Yu Shi ◽  
La Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acrylic Copolymer ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Aqueous Conditions

By controlling the comonomer composition, the use of emulsion polymerization and in the condition of a certain stirring rate, a reaction temperature and a reaction time, the synthesis of a novel water-soluble acrylic acid compounds is produced. We also studied the adhesion of the acrylic copolymer T/C yarns, as the textile warp sizing materials, the performance of recycling after desizing under mild aqueous conditions. Application of the polymer sizing, can not only get energy conservation, but also protect the environment.

The Role of the Initiator System in the Synthesis of Acidic Multifunctional Nanoparticles Designed for Molecular Imprinting of Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Marwa Aly Ahmed ◽  
Júlia Erdőssy ◽  
Viola Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Molecular Imprinting ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Multifunctional Nanoparticles ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Initiator System

Multifunctional nanoparticles have been shown earlier to bind certain proteins with high affinity and the binding affinity could be enhanced by molecular imprinting of the target protein. In this work different initiator systems were used and compared during the synthesis of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide) nanoparticles with respect to their future applicability in molecular imprinting of lysozyme. The decomposition of ammonium persulfate initiator was initiated either thermally at 60 °C or by using redox activators, namely tetramethylethylenediamine or sodium bisulfite at low temperatures. Morphology differences in the resulting nanoparticles have been revealed using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. During polymerization the conversion of each monomer was followed in time. Striking differences were demonstrated in the incorporation rate of acrylic acid between the tetramethylethylenediamine catalyzed initiation and the other systems. This led to a completely different nanoparticle microstructure the consequence of which was the distinctly lower lysozyme binding affinity. On the contrary, the use of sodium bisulfite activation resulted in similar nanoparticle structural homogeneity and protein binding affinity as the thermal initiation.

scholarly journals Did Cyclic Metaphosphates Have a Role in the Origin of Life?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Glonek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Holliday Junction ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Condensed Phosphate ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Self Replication

AbstractHow life began still eludes science life, the initial progenote in the context presented herein, being a chemical aggregate of primordial inorganic and organic molecules capable of self-replication and evolution into ever increasingly complex forms and functions.Presented is a hypothesis that a mineral scaffold generated by geological processes and containing polymerized phosphate units was present in primordial seas that provided the initiating factor responsible for the sequestration and organization of primordial life’s constituents. Unlike previous hypotheses proposing phosphates as the essential initiating factor, the key phosphate described here is not a polynucleotide or just any condensed phosphate but a large (in the range of at least 1 kilo-phosphate subunits), water soluble, cyclic metaphosphate, which is a closed loop chain of polymerized inorganic phosphate residues containing only phosphate middle groups. The chain forms an intrinsic 4-phosphate helix analogous to its structure in Na Kurrol’s salt, and as with DNA, very large metaphosphates may fold into hairpin structures. Using a Holliday-junction-like scrambling mechanism, also analogous to DNA, rings may be manipulated (increased, decreased, exchanged) easily with little to no need for additional energy, the reaction being essentially an isomerization.A literature review is presented describing findings that support the above hypothesis. Reviewed is condensed phosphate inorganic chemistry including its geological origins, biological occurrence, enzymes and their genetics through eukaryotes, polyphosphate functions, circular polynucleotides and the role of the Holliday junction, previous biogenesis hypotheses, and an Eoarchean Era timeline.

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