Toward an understanding of the role of water-soluble oligomers in the emulsion polymerization of styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid. Function of carboxylic acid

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 1988-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Yi Yuan ◽  
Victoria L. Dimonie ◽  
E. David Sudol ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Aasser
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Acid Function

Toward an Understanding of the Role of Water-Soluble Oligomers in the Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene−Butadiene−Acrylic Acid. Mechanisms of Water-Soluble Oligomer Formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
pp. 8356-8370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-yi Yuan ◽  
Victoria L. Dimonie ◽  
E. David Sudol ◽  
James E. Roberts ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Aasser
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oligomer Formation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The Absence of a Role of Absorption, Translocation, or Metabolism in the Selectivity of Picloram and Clopyralid in Two Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Hall ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Amide ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
The Difference

Experiments were conducted to determine whether differences in sensitivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), and rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) to14C-picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) and14C-clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) can be attributed to differences in absorption, translocation, or metabolism of the herbicides. Within 24 h, more than 97% of the radioactivity from picloram or clopyralid was absorbed by the foliage of both plant species. Acropetal transport of both herbicides was similar in the two plant species, with approximately 60% or more of the recovered radioactivity from picloram and clopyralid treatments moving acropetally out of the treated leaf 144 h after application. Less than 6% of the14C-label from either herbicide treatment moved basipetally in both species. Therefore, differences in absorption and translocation did not account for intra- or inter-species sensitivity differences to the two herbicides. Significantly more14C-picloram and14C-clopyralid was converted to water-soluble metabolites in rapeseed than in sunflower plants. However, in rapeseed plants, the pattern of metabolism of both herbicides was similar, indicating that the difference between the metabolism of picloram and clopyralid did not account for the sensitivity difference within this species. It appears that only one picloram and clopyralid metabolite was formed in both plant species as determined by TLC. The metabolite of picloram or clopyralid was a water-soluble conjugate that yielded the carboxylic acid amide of the respective herbicide upon ammonolysis.

scholarly journals SiOx-based graphite composite anode and efficient binders: practical applications in lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 7801-7807
Author(s):  
Yonglian Xiong ◽  
Houchao Xing ◽  
Yongsheng Fan ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Jin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Composite Anode ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The effects of water-soluble binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) for the 15% SiOx–graphite composite anode in half cell and high voltage pouch cell were investigated.

scholarly journals On the mechanism of acrylamide emulsion polymerization with the participation of its dimers

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
L.R. Harutyunyan ◽  
◽  
R.S. Harutyunyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Free Radical Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymerization Mechanism ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Acrylamide Monomer

The role of both dimeric and monomeric forms of acrylamide monomer in the process of polymerization in emulsions initiated by different type of initiators was discussed and the reasons for the reaction order with respect to monomer greater than unity were elucidated for acrylamide free radical polymerization in emulsions. The emulsion polymerization mechanism of acrylamide is discussed separately for the processes initiated by water-soluble initiator and oil-soluble initiator. The main difference in two cases is the distribution of acrylamide and initiator in aqueous and toluene phases. In the case of using water-soluble initiator, the initiator and acrylamide are in the same phase, whereas the molecules of the initiator and acrylamide are distributed between different phases in the case of using oil-soluble initiator. As a result, the participation of the dimers in the process of acrylamide emulsion polymerization is more efficient for the system where water-soluble initiator is used. For that system, it is suggested that both dimers and monomers of acrylamide participate in the propagation reaction at relatively low concentrations of acrylamide, which explains the value of the reaction order with respect to monomer greater than unity.

Water-Soluble Acrylic Acid Copolymers and their Recycling Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 900-903
Author(s):  
Liang Mao ◽  
Wei Yu Shi ◽  
La Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acrylic Copolymer ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Aqueous Conditions

By controlling the comonomer composition, the use of emulsion polymerization and in the condition of a certain stirring rate, a reaction temperature and a reaction time, the synthesis of a novel water-soluble acrylic acid compounds is produced. We also studied the adhesion of the acrylic copolymer T/C yarns, as the textile warp sizing materials, the performance of recycling after desizing under mild aqueous conditions. Application of the polymer sizing, can not only get energy conservation, but also protect the environment.

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