Nature of Excess Electrons in Polar Fluids: Anion-Solvated Electron Equilibrium and Polarized Hole-Burning in Liquid Acetonitrile

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1471-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Doan ◽  
Benjamin J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Hole Burning ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Polar Fluids ◽  
Excess Electrons

Électrons en excès dans les milieux polaires homogènes et hétérogènes

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Bernas ◽  
Christiane Ferradini ◽  
Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Micellar Solutions ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Heterogeneous Model ◽  
Polar Media ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Solvation Mechanisms ◽  
Homogeneous Media

A review of our present knowledge concerning the solvation of excess electrons e−exc → e−solv produced by photoionization or radiolysis in polar media has been attempted. Various properties of the solvated electron (proposed solvation mechanisms, structure, physicochemical characteristics) are considered. In spite of some similarities, e−solv does not seem to be a good prototype for solvated halide anions. The behavior of e−exc in heterogeneous model systems, such as micellar solutions and molecular clusters, is described and correlated with that observed in homogeneous media. Key words: excess electrons, homogeneous and heterogeneous polar media, photoionization, radiolysis, solvation, charge transfer to solvent, properties of the solvated electron, micellar solutions, molecular clusters, comparison with the solvation of anions.

Radiative processes of the solvated electron in polar fluids

1973 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1040-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil R. Kestner ◽  
Joshua Jortner
Keyword(s):  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Polar Fluids ◽  
Radiative Processes

Spectroscopic measurements on solutions of alkali metals in 1, 4, 7, 10, 13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane (15-crown-5)

1988 ◽  
Vol 415 (1848) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkali Metal Cation ◽  
Paramagnetic Species ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Cation Complex

The alkali metals potassium, rubidium and caesium dissolve in the liquid crown ether 15-crown-5 to produce intensely coloured blue solutions. In this work we have employed a variety of spectroscopic techniques (optical spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR)) to investigate the nature of both the paramagnetic and diamagnetic solution species coexisting in equilibrium. The major paramagnetic species are the solvated electron, e - s , and the (metal-based) electron-cation complex M + s e - s . The diamagnetic species is the alkalimetal anion, M - . Comparisons in characteristic properties for the two liquid macrocyclic ionophores, 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5, suggest that these two solvents both complex the alkali-metal cation and solvate excess electrons to quite different extents. For the alkali metals in the title solvent, the various equilibria appear to favour the formation of e - s and M + s e - s at the expense of the alkali anion.

3D WAVELET TREATMENT OF SOLVATED BIPOLARON AND POLARON

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 751-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. CHUEV ◽  
M. V. FEDOROV ◽  
H. J. LUO ◽  
D. KOLB ◽  
E. G. TIMOSHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Functional ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Free Energy Functional ◽  
Excess Electrons

Three-dimensional discrete tensor wavelets are applied to calculate wave functions of excess electrons solvated in polar liquids. Starting from the Hartree–Fock approximation for the electron wave functions and from the linear response to the solute charge for the solvent, we have derived the approximate free energy functional for the excess electrons. The orthogonal Coifman basis set is used to minimize the free energy functional and to approximate the electron wave functions. The scheme is applied to the calculation of the properties of the solvated electron and the singlet bipolaron formation. The obtained results indicate that the proposed algorithm is fast and rather efficient for calculating the electronic structure of the solvated molecular solutes.

Excess electrons in aqueous glasses and crystalline ice

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh A Gillis ◽  
Terence I Quickenden
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Electron Solvation ◽  
Visible Luminescence ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Excess Electrons

Experimental studies of excess electrons in aqueous glasses and crystalline ice are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on studies of the two main optical absorption bands, the well known visible band, which is similar to that of the solvated electron in water, and the IR band which has λmax [Formula: see text] 2950 nm. Under some circumstances partial conversion of the IR-absorbing species to the visible-absorbing species has been observed. Evidence indicates that the two species are due to electrons trapped in distinctly different physical environments. Two mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the visible-absorbing electron in crystalline ice, one involving naturally occurring vacancies and the other radiation produced vacancies. Studies of the UV and visible luminescence emitted when ice at low temperature is irradiated are summarized, and the mechanisms suggested for its production are discussed briefly. The studies on excess electrons in aqueous solids seem to the authors to be highly relevant to the more recent studies of electron solvation in water which are done on a much shorter time-scale. These latter studies are reviewed briefly with the aim of elucidating the relevance.Key words: visible-absorbing electrons, IR-absorbing electrons, irradiation of aqueous glasses, irradiation of crystalline ice, electron solvation in water.

FEMTOSECOND SPECTRAL HOLE-BURNING IN GaAs/AlGaAs MULTIPLE QUANTUM WELLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-511-C5-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. OUDAR ◽  
J. DUBARD ◽  
F. ALEXANDRE ◽  
D. HULIN ◽  
A. MIGUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Multiple Quantum Wells ◽  
Hole Burning ◽  
Spectral Hole Burning ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Spectral Hole

Investigation of the V4+-Centre in 6H- and 4H-SIC by the Method of Spectral-Hole Burning

1998 ◽  
Vol 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hecht ◽  
R. Kummer ◽  
A. Winnacker
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hole Burning ◽  
Band Offset ◽  
Spectral Hole Burning ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Spectral Hole

ABSTRACTIn the context of spectral-hole burning experiments in 4H- and 6H-SiC doped with vanadium the energy positions of the V4+/5+ level in both polytypes were determined in order to resolve discrepancies in literature. From these numbers the band offset of 6H/4H-SiC is calculated by using the Langer-Heinrich rule, and found to be of staggered type II. Furthermore the experiments show that thermally stable electronic traps exist in both polytypes at room temperature and considerably above, which may result in longtime transient shifts of electronic properties.

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