Ultrafast Studies of Excess Electrons in Liquid Acetonitrile: Revisiting the Solvated Electron/Solvent Dimer Anion Equilibrium

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (16) ◽  
pp. 4216-4221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Doan ◽  
Benjamin J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Excess Electrons

Électrons en excès dans les milieux polaires homogènes et hétérogènes

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Bernas ◽  
Christiane Ferradini ◽  
Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Micellar Solutions ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Heterogeneous Model ◽  
Polar Media ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Solvation Mechanisms ◽  
Homogeneous Media

A review of our present knowledge concerning the solvation of excess electrons e−exc → e−solv produced by photoionization or radiolysis in polar media has been attempted. Various properties of the solvated electron (proposed solvation mechanisms, structure, physicochemical characteristics) are considered. In spite of some similarities, e−solv does not seem to be a good prototype for solvated halide anions. The behavior of e−exc in heterogeneous model systems, such as micellar solutions and molecular clusters, is described and correlated with that observed in homogeneous media. Key words: excess electrons, homogeneous and heterogeneous polar media, photoionization, radiolysis, solvation, charge transfer to solvent, properties of the solvated electron, micellar solutions, molecular clusters, comparison with the solvation of anions.

Spectroscopic measurements on solutions of alkali metals in 1, 4, 7, 10, 13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane (15-crown-5)

1988 ◽  
Vol 415 (1848) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkali Metal Cation ◽  
Paramagnetic Species ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Cation Complex

The alkali metals potassium, rubidium and caesium dissolve in the liquid crown ether 15-crown-5 to produce intensely coloured blue solutions. In this work we have employed a variety of spectroscopic techniques (optical spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR)) to investigate the nature of both the paramagnetic and diamagnetic solution species coexisting in equilibrium. The major paramagnetic species are the solvated electron, e - s , and the (metal-based) electron-cation complex M + s e - s . The diamagnetic species is the alkalimetal anion, M - . Comparisons in characteristic properties for the two liquid macrocyclic ionophores, 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5, suggest that these two solvents both complex the alkali-metal cation and solvate excess electrons to quite different extents. For the alkali metals in the title solvent, the various equilibria appear to favour the formation of e - s and M + s e - s at the expense of the alkali anion.

3D WAVELET TREATMENT OF SOLVATED BIPOLARON AND POLARON

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 751-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. CHUEV ◽  
M. V. FEDOROV ◽  
H. J. LUO ◽  
D. KOLB ◽  
E. G. TIMOSHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Functional ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Free Energy Functional ◽  
Excess Electrons

Three-dimensional discrete tensor wavelets are applied to calculate wave functions of excess electrons solvated in polar liquids. Starting from the Hartree–Fock approximation for the electron wave functions and from the linear response to the solute charge for the solvent, we have derived the approximate free energy functional for the excess electrons. The orthogonal Coifman basis set is used to minimize the free energy functional and to approximate the electron wave functions. The scheme is applied to the calculation of the properties of the solvated electron and the singlet bipolaron formation. The obtained results indicate that the proposed algorithm is fast and rather efficient for calculating the electronic structure of the solvated molecular solutes.

Excess electrons in aqueous glasses and crystalline ice

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh A Gillis ◽  
Terence I Quickenden
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Electron Solvation ◽  
Visible Luminescence ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Excess Electrons

Experimental studies of excess electrons in aqueous glasses and crystalline ice are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on studies of the two main optical absorption bands, the well known visible band, which is similar to that of the solvated electron in water, and the IR band which has λmax [Formula: see text] 2950 nm. Under some circumstances partial conversion of the IR-absorbing species to the visible-absorbing species has been observed. Evidence indicates that the two species are due to electrons trapped in distinctly different physical environments. Two mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the visible-absorbing electron in crystalline ice, one involving naturally occurring vacancies and the other radiation produced vacancies. Studies of the UV and visible luminescence emitted when ice at low temperature is irradiated are summarized, and the mechanisms suggested for its production are discussed briefly. The studies on excess electrons in aqueous solids seem to the authors to be highly relevant to the more recent studies of electron solvation in water which are done on a much shorter time-scale. These latter studies are reviewed briefly with the aim of elucidating the relevance.Key words: visible-absorbing electrons, IR-absorbing electrons, irradiation of aqueous glasses, irradiation of crystalline ice, electron solvation in water.

scholarly journals Over-expression of an electron transport protein OmcS provides sufficient NADH for d-lactate production in cyanobacterium

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengkai Meng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Huawei Zhu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Transport Protein ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Photosynthetic Production ◽  
Reducing Equivalent ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Electron Transport Protein

Abstract Background An efficient supply of reducing equivalent is essential for chemicals production by engineered microbes. In phototrophic microbes, the NADPH generated from photosynthesis is the dominant form of reducing equivalent. However, most dehydrogenases prefer to utilize NADH as a cofactor. Thus, sufficient NADH supply is crucial to produce dehydrogenase-derived chemicals in cyanobacteria. Photosynthetic electron is the sole energy source and excess electrons are wasted in the light reactions of photosynthesis. Results Here we propose a novel strategy to direct the electrons to generate more ATP from light reactions to provide sufficient NADH for lactate production. To this end, we introduced an electron transport protein-encoding gene omcS into cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 and demonstrated that the introduced OmcS directs excess electrons from plastoquinone (PQ) to photosystem I (PSI) to stimulate cyclic electron transfer (CET). As a result, an approximately 30% increased intracellular ATP, 60% increased intracellular NADH concentrations and up to 60% increased biomass production with fourfold increased d-lactate production were achieved. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of proteins involved in linear electron transfer (LET), CET, and downregulation of proteins involved in respiratory electron transfer (RET), giving hints to understand the increased levels of ATP and NADH. Conclusions This strategy provides a novel orthologous way to improve photosynthesis via enhancing CET and supply sufficient NADH for the photosynthetic production of chemicals.

Electric field impact on solvated electron reactions: Trapping of randomly walking electron

1999 ◽  
Vol 111 (13) ◽  
pp. 6016-6025 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Fedorenko ◽  
E. B. Krissinel ◽  
A. I. Burshtein
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Solvated Electron

Cells Containing Solvated Electron Lithium Negative Electrodes

1989 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 3559-3565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Uribe ◽  
Krystyna W. Semkow ◽  
Anthony F. Sammells
Keyword(s):  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Negative Electrodes

Trapping of excess electrons at the microhydrated protonated amino groups in proteins

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 105101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Li ◽  
Zhenwei Zhang ◽  
Hongfang Yang ◽  
Xiuxiu Wu ◽  
Jinxiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Groups ◽  
Excess Electrons
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