scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy of Isotope-Substituted Liquid Water Reveals Heterogeneous Dynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (21) ◽  
pp. 6976-6984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Garrett-Roe ◽  
Fivos Perakis ◽  
Francesco Rao ◽  
Peter Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heterogeneous Dynamics

scholarly journals Liquid water infiltration into a layered snowpack: evaluation of a 3-D water transport model with laboratory experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 5503-5515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Hirashima ◽  
Francesco Avanzi ◽  
Satoru Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths ◽  
Capillary Barriers ◽  
Wet Snow

Abstract. The heterogeneous movement of liquid water through the snowpack during precipitation and snowmelt leads to complex liquid water distributions that are important for avalanche and runoff forecasting. We reproduced the formation of capillary barriers and the development of preferential flow through snow using a three-dimensional water transport model, which was then validated using laboratory experiments of liquid water infiltration into layered, initially dry snow. Three-dimensional simulations assumed the same column shape and size, grain size, snow density, and water input rate as the laboratory experiments. Model evaluation focused on the timing of water movement, thickness of the upper layer affected by ponding, water content profiles and wet snow fraction. Simulation results showed that the model reconstructs relevant features of capillary barriers, including ponding in the upper layer, preferential infiltration far from the interface, and the timing of liquid water arrival at the snow base. In contrast, the area of preferential flow paths was usually underestimated and consequently the averaged water content in areas characterized by preferential flow paths was also underestimated. Improving the representation of preferential infiltration into initially dry snow is necessary to reproduce the transition from a dry-snow-dominant condition to a wet-snow-dominant one, especially in long-period simulations.

Metal Ion-Driven Assembly of Two New Coordination Polymers Constructed by Asymmetric Tricarboxylate and Imidazole-Containing Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlong Liu ◽  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Mengqiang Wu ◽  
Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimethyl Benzene

Two new coordination polymers, namely, {[Cd3(bpt)2(bimb)2]·2(H2O)}n (1) and [Zn3(bpt)2(bimb)2]n (2) (bpt = biphenyl-3,4′,5-tricarboxylate, bimb = 1,4-bis(1-imidazol-yl)-2,5-dimethyl benzene), have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and further characterised by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Complex 1 exhibits a trinodal (4,4,4)-connected topology with Schläfli symbol of (4.62.83)4.(64.82). Complex 2 is also a three-dimensional structure and displays a (3,4,6)-connected topology with Schläfli symbol of (4.62)2.(42.66.85.102).(64.82). It is shown that the asymmetrically tricarboxylate can bear diverse structures regulated by metal ions. The photoluminescence behaviours of compounds 1 and 2 were also discussed.

scholarly journals Measurements of the Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Water Using Infrared Spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1724-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Cantrell ◽  
Eli Ochshorn ◽  
Alexander Kostinski ◽  
Keith Bozin
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Quantitative Change ◽  
Wetting Transition ◽  
Higher Temperature

Abstract Measurements are presented of the vapor pressure of supercooled water utilizing infrared spectroscopy, which enables unambiguous verification that the authors’ data correspond to the vapor pressure of liquid water, not a mixture of liquid water and ice. Values of the vapor pressure are in agreement with previous work. Below −13°C, the water film that is monitored to determine coexistence of liquid water (at one temperature) and ice (at another, higher, temperature) de-wets from the hydrophilic silicon prism employed in the authors’ apparatus. The de-wetting transition indicates a quantitative change in the structure of the supercooled liquid.

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