scholarly journals A Simple and Rapid Approach for Removing Citrinin while Retaining Monacolin K in Red Mold Rice

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (26) ◽  
pp. 11101-11108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Lin Lee ◽  
Wen-Pei Chen ◽  
Jyh-Jye Wang ◽  
Tzu-Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Monacolin K ◽  
Red Mold Rice

scholarly journals Synchronous High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Photodiode Array Detector and Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Citrinin, Monascin, Ankaflavin, and the Lactone and Acid Forms of Monacolin K in Red Mold Rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Lun Wu ◽  
Yao-Haur Kuo ◽  
Chun-Lin Lee ◽  
Ya-Wen Hsu ◽  
Tzu-Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Photodiode Array Detector ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Red Mold Rice ◽  
Product Red ◽  
Yellow Pigments

Abstract The Monascus fermentation product red mold rice (RMR) has been found to contain the cholesterol-lowering agent monacolin K (MK) in both its lactone (MKL) and acid (MKA) forms and the mycotoxin citrinin (CT). The yellow pigments in RMR, namely, monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK), have been reported to exhibit antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activities. Currently, MK and these yellow pigments are usually detected in RMR by different analytical methods that are inconvenient, expensive, and time-consuming. The goal of this study was to establish a rapid, synchronous analytical method for determination of the MKA, MKL, MS, AK, and CT levels in RMR. MKA, MKL, MS, AK, and CT were extracted by the same extraction method, then separated by RP-HPLC with a C18 column. The effluent from the column was passed through a photodiode array detector and then introduced directly into a fluorescence detector. The results showed that high recovery rates of MKA, MKL, MS, AK, and CT are possible if RMR powder is extracted with 75% ethanol (10 mL) at 80°C for 30 min. With regard to the optimal conditions of the HPLC, the peaks of MKA, MKL, MS, AK, and CT can be clearly separated from any noise peaks by isocratic elution with a mobile phase comprising 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile–water (62.5 + 37.5, v/v).

scholarly journals Effects of Chinese medicines on monacolin K production and related genes transcription of Monascus ruber in red mold rice fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2134-2142
Author(s):  
Lin Peng ◽  
Aisikaer Ai‐lati ◽  
Shuangping Liu ◽  
Zhongwei Ji ◽  
Jian Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monacolin K ◽  
Monascus Ruber ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Red Mold Rice

scholarly journals Perspectives on Functional Red Mold Rice: Functional Ingredients, Production, and Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yanli ◽  
Yu Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Statin Intolerance ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Red Mold Rice

Monacolin K (MK) is a secondary metabolite of the Monascus species that can inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Functional red mold rice (FRMR) is the fermentation product of Monascus spp., which is rich in MK. FRMR is usually employed to regulate serum cholesterol, especially for hypercholesterolemic patients who refuse statins or face statin intolerance. The present perspective summarized the bioactive components of FRMR and their functions. Subsequently, efficient strategies for FRMR production, future challenges of FRMR application, and possible directions were proposed. This perspective helps to understand the present situation and developmental prospects of FRMR.

scholarly journals Red Mold Rice Mitigates Oral Carcinogenesis in 7,12-Dimethyl-1,2-Benz[a]anthracene-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis in Hamster

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruei-Lan Tsai ◽  
Bing-Ying Ho ◽  
Tzu-Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Oral Tumor ◽  
Red Mold Rice

The prevalence of oral tumor has exponentially increased in recent years; however, the effective therapies or prevention strategies are not sufficient. Red mold rice is a traditional Chinese food, and several reports have demonstrated that red mold rice had an anti-tumor effect. However, the possible anti-tumor mechanisms of the red mold rice are unclear. In this study, we examined the anti-tumor effect of red mold rice on 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral tumor in hamster. The ethanol extract of red mold rice (RMRE) treatment significantly decreases the levels of DMBA-induced reactive oxygen species, nitro oxide and prostaglandin E2than those of the lovastatin-treated group (P< .001). Moreover, RMRE decreases the formation of oral tumor induced by DMBA. Monacolin K, monascin, ankaflavin or other red mold rice metabolites had been reported to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress and exerted anti-tumor effects. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress effects of monacolin K, monascin, ankaflavin and citrinin in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells. We found that RMRE reduced the LPS-induced nitrite levels in RAW264.7 cells better than monacolin K, monascin, ankaflavin or citrinin (P< .05).

scholarly journals A Combination of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum Strains CECT7527, CECT7528 and CECT7529 Plus Monacolin K Reduces Blood Cholesterol: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Rafael Guerrero-Bonmatty ◽  
Guadalupe Gil-Fernández ◽  
Francisco José Rodríguez-Velasco ◽  
Jordi Espadaler-Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
History Of

Background: Dietary supplements have been proposed to help manage blood cholesterol, including red yeast rice (RYR) extracts, plant sterols and stanols, beta-glucans, and some probiotics. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RYR (containing 10 mg of monacolin K) combined with 109 CFU of three Lactoplantibacillus plantarum strains (CECT7527, CECT7528, and CECT7529). Methods: A 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. In total, 39 adult patients were enrolled, having total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dL, and being statin-naïve or having recently stopped statin treatment because of intolerance. Active product or placebo were taken once daily, and subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Results: Study groups were comparable at baseline, except for history of recent hypercholesterolemia treatment (81% in active vs. 22% in placebo). Changes in LDL cholesterol and TC became significant compared to placebo (mean difference between groups and standard error of the mean = 23.6 ± 1.5 mg/dL, p = 0.023 and 31.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL, p = 0.011, respectively) upon adjusting for the baseline imbalance in hypercholesterolemia treatment. No adverse effects were noted during the study. Conclusion: This combination of 10 mg of monacolin K and L. plantarum strains was well tolerated and achieved a statistically significant greater reduction in LDL-C and TC in the intervention group compared to the placebo, once adjusting for recent history of hypercholesterolemia treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of a food supplement containing berberine, monacolin K, hydroxytyrosol and coenzyme Q10 on lipid levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 1585-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio D'Addato ◽  
Luciana Scandiani ◽  
Giuliana Mombelli ◽  
Francesca Focanti ◽  
Federica Pelacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

scholarly journals Elevated yield of Monacolin K in Monascus purpureus by fungal elicitor and mutagenesis of UV and LiCl

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Long Sun ◽  
Xiao Zou ◽  
Ai-Ying Liu ◽  
Tang-Fu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Elicitor ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Monacolin K
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