Relationships between Salicylic Acid Content, Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase (PAL) Activity, and Resistance of Barley to Aphid Infestation

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 2227-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes E. Chaman ◽  
Sylvia V. Copaja ◽  
Victor H. Argandoña
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Pal Activity

Salicylic acid-induced suppression of Meloidogyne incognita infestation of okra and cowpea

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidyut Nandi ◽  
Santi Prasad Sinha Babu ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee ◽  
Kabita Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Vitro Test

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) applied as 10 mM foliar spray to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cv. Purbani Kranti and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cv. Pusa Ruby plants 24 h before inoculation of roots with Meloidogyne incognita juveniles, reduced infestation. Salicylic acid had no direct influence on plant growth and did not kill nematodes in an in vitro test. It induced increased accumulation of a 14 kDa pathogenesis-related protein (PR-1) in roots of both non-inoculated and inoculated salicylic acid-sprayed okra but not in the treated leaves. Salicylic acid sprays enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in roots of both non-inoculated and inoculated cowpea, estimated at 15 days after inoculation. Infected roots had higher PAL activity than roots of the corresponding non-inoculated treatments. Both PAL activity and SA-induced resistance gradually declined with plant age after treatment.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Peroxide Is Involved in Salicylic Acid-Elicited Rosmarinic Acid Production inSalvia miltiorrhizaCell Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfang Hao ◽  
Hongbo Guo ◽  
Jingyi Zhang ◽  
Gege Hu ◽  
Yaqin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
The Relationship

Salicylic acid (SA) is an elicitor to induce the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role as a key signaling molecule in response to various stimuli and is involved in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, the relationship between them is unclear and their synergetic functions on accumulation of secondary metabolites are unknown. In this paper, the roles of SA and H2O2in rosmarinic acid (RA) production inSalvia miltiorrhizacell cultures were investigated. The results showed that SA significantly enhanced H2O2production, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and RA accumulation. Exogenous H2O2could also promote PAL activity and enhance RA production. If H2O2production was inhibited by NADPH oxidase inhibitor (IMD) or scavenged by quencher (DMTU), RA accumulation would be blocked. These results indicated that H2O2is secondary messenger for signal transduction, which can be induced by SA, significantly and promotes RA accumulation.

scholarly journals MES7 Modulates Seed Germination via Regulating Salicylic Acid Content in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Wenrui Gao ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
Yaqiu Chen ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Seed germination is an important phase transitional period of angiosperm plants during which seeds are highly sensitive to different environmental conditions. Although seed germination is under the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and other hormones, the molecular mechanism underlying these regulations remains mysterious. In this study, we determined the expression of SA methyl esterase (MES) family genes during seed germination. We found that MES7 expression decreases significantly in imbibed seeds, and the dysfunction of MES7 decreases SA content. Furthermore, MES7 reduces and promotes seed germination under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively. The application of SA restores the seed germination deficiencies of mes7 mutants under different conditions. Taking together, our observations uncover a MeSA hydrolytic enzyme, MES7, regulates seed germination via altering SA titer under normal and abiotic stress conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors on Secondary Metabolite Production and Antioxidant Response inHypericum perforatumL. Shoot Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Gadzovska Simic ◽  
Oliver Tusevski ◽  
Stéphane Maury ◽  
Alain Delaunay ◽  
Claude Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Pal Activity

The effects of polysaccharide elicitors such as chitin, pectin, and dextran on the production of phenylpropanoids (phenolics and flavonoids) and naphtodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin) inHypericum perforatumshoot cultures were studied. Nonenzymatic antioxidant properties (NEAOP) and peroxidase (POD) activity were also observed in shoot extracts. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone-flavanone isomerase (CHFI) were monitored to estimate channeling in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways of elicited shoot cultures. A significant suppression of the production of total phenolics and flavonoids was observed in elicited shoots from day 14 to day 21 of postelicitation. This inhibition of phenylpropanoid production was probably due to the decrease in CHFI activity in elicited shoots. Pectin and dextran promoted accumulation of naphtodianthrones, particularly pseudohypericin, within 21 days of postelicitation. The enhanced accumulation of naphtodianthrones was positively correlated with an increase of PAL activity in elicited shoots. All tested elicitors induced NEAOP at day 7, while chitin and pectin showed increase in POD activity within the entire period of postelicitation. The POD activity was in significantly positive correlation with flavonoid and hypericin contents, suggesting a strong perturbation of the cell redox system and activation of defense responses in polysaccharide-elicitedH. perforatumshoot cultures.

scholarly journals Impact of Salicylic Acid Content and Growing Environment on Phytoprostane and Phytofuran (Stress Biomarkers) in Oryza sativa L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (47) ◽  
pp. 12561-12570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pinciroli ◽  
R. Domínguez-Perles ◽  
M. Garbi ◽  
A. Abellán ◽  
C. Oger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Growing Environment

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoagland ◽  
Stephen O. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Effects of 16 herbicides representing 14 herbicide classes on growth and extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) were examined in light- and dark-grown soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. High purity (96 to 100%) herbicides were supplied via aqueous culture at various concentrations: 0.5 mM amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), 0.1 mM atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 0.07 mM diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoicacid}, 0.5 mM DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), 0.2 mM fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), 0.05 mM fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, 0.5 mM MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), 0.5 mM metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], 1.8 μM nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], 0.5 mM norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], 0.05 mM paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), 0.15 mM perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, 0.2 mM propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide), 0.1 mM propham (isopropyl carbanilate), 0.5 mM TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 0.05 mM 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Dark-grown soybean seedlings (3-day-old) were transferred to control solutions (2 mM CaSO4) or to herbicide solutions (in 2 mM CaSO4) and grown at 25 C in continuous white light (200 μE•m-2•s-1) or continuous darkness until harvested 24 or 48 h after transfer. After 48 h, growth (fresh weight, dry weight, elongation) was inhibited by most of the chemicals. Other signs of toxicity (necrosis, secondary root stunting, and root tip swelling) were noted for some treatments. Roots were most affected, although hypocotyls were generally not changed. Hypocotyl elongation was stimulated by atrazine, fluridone, and norflurazon after 48 h light. Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D. Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity. Other compounds tested had no effect on the enzyme. None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

scholarly journals Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses With the Application of Salicylic Acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Sérgio Miguel Mazaro ◽  
Edson Bertoldo ◽  
Nean Locatelli Dalacosta ◽  
Fabiana Chiamulera Borsatti ◽  
Mycheli Preuss da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Stem Curvature ◽  
Lower Stem

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA) on the maintenance of quality and longevity of cut roses cv. Vega. Cut roses were kept in a vase solution of SA and water at concentrations of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mM. All treatments were kept at 8±2 oC for 96 hours, simulating storage in flower shops; the flowers were then evaluated regarding loss of fresh matter and leaf chlorophyll content and were transferred to beakers containing distilled water at 25±2 ºC for more 144 hours, simulating shelf life. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours from the beginning of the experiment, biochemical analyses of total proteins and the activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidases (PO) were performed. Visual analyses were performed (stem curvature, turgescence and petal darkening) every 48 hour intervals until the end of the experiment. The treatments with SA allowed the maintenance of post-harvest quality, reducing the loss of fresh matter mass, lower stem curvature, greater turgescence and less darkening of the petals. The results showed that the application of SA increased total protein contents and FAL, which characterizes the activation of plant defense mechanisms to the senescence process.

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