scholarly journals Plant Biomass Recalcitrance: Effect of Hemicellulose Composition on Nanoscale Forces that Control Cell Wall Strength

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (51) ◽  
pp. 19048-19051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo L. Silveira ◽  
Stanislav R. Stoyanov ◽  
Sergey Gusarov ◽  
Munir S. Skaf ◽  
Andriy Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Biomass Recalcitrance ◽  
Wall Strength

scholarly journals Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Cann ◽  
Gabriel V. Pereira ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Daniel Wefers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Microbial Enzymes

ABSTRACT Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.

scholarly journals The regulatory and transcriptional landscape associated with carbon utilization in a filamentous fungus

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 6003-6013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent W. Wu ◽  
Nils Thieme ◽  
Lori B. Huberman ◽  
Axel Dietschmann ◽  
David J. Kowbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Filamentous fungi, such asNeurospora crassa, are very efficient in deconstructing plant biomass by the secretion of an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, by remodeling metabolism to accommodate production of secreted enzymes, and by enabling transport and intracellular utilization of plant biomass components. Although a number of enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in plant biomass utilization have been identified, how filamentous fungi sense and integrate nutritional information encoded in the plant cell wall into a regulatory hierarchy for optimal utilization of complex carbon sources is not understood. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling ofN. crassaon 40 different carbon sources, including plant biomass, to provide data on how fungi sense simple to complex carbohydrates. From these data, we identified regulatory factors inN. crassaand characterized one (PDR-2) associated with pectin utilization and one with pectin/hemicellulose utilization (ARA-1). Using in vitro DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we identified direct targets of transcription factors involved in regulating genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. In particular, our data clarified the role of the transcription factor VIB-1 in the regulation of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and nutrient scavenging and revealed a major role of the carbon catabolite repressor CRE-1 in regulating the expression of major facilitator transporter genes. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of cross talk between transcription factors and their target genes, which are involved in regulating nutrient sensing and plant biomass utilization on a global level.

Consolidated Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Plant Biomass Expressing Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongcheng Zhang ◽  
Amy L. VanFossen ◽  
Ryan M. Pagano ◽  
Jeremy S. Johnson ◽  
Matthew H. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Investigating plant cell wall components that affect biomass recalcitrance in poplar and switchgrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn D. DeMartini ◽  
Sivakumar Pattathil ◽  
Jeffrey S. Miller ◽  
Hongjia Li ◽  
Michael G. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Biomass Recalcitrance ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

Why Measure Osmotic Adjustment?

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Munns
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Adaptation To Drought

Osmotic adjustment (erroneously called 'osmoregulation') is generally regarded as an important adaptation to drought or salinity. Because it helps to maintain turgor and cell volume, it is often thought to promote growth, yield, or survival, of plants in dry or saline soils. However, a physiological rationale for such views is lacking. Osmotic adjustment itself cannot promote growth; the solutes which account for it must be diverted from essential processes such as protein and cell wall synthesis. Further, it now appears that turgor does not control cell expansion or stomatal conductance. Thus, osmotic adjustment cannot affect yields except via other processes, the controls of which are almost entirely unexplored. Future research in this area should test hypotheses, rather than merely measure osmotic adjustment.

PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 regulate drought tolerance, plant biomass production, and cell wall properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda ◽  
Weronika Czarnocka ◽  
Marek Hebda ◽  
Stanisław Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Wall Properties ◽  
Cell Wall Properties ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

scholarly journals A Kinesin-Like Protein Is Essential for Oriented Deposition of Cellulose Microfibrils and Cell Wall Strength

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3101-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Zhong ◽  
David H. Burk ◽  
W. Herbert Morrison ◽  
Zheng-Hua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Wall Strength
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