Salt-induced Medium Effects. I. Salt Effects on the Activity Coefficients of Naphthalene and 1-Naphthoic Acid in 50 Wt.% Dioxane-Water1a,b

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 5647-5654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Grunwald ◽  
Arthur F. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Medium Effects ◽  
Salt Effects ◽  
Naphthoic Acid

Kinetic medium effects. IV. Transition state activity coefficients in mixed solvents

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT McTigue ◽  
AR Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Medium Effects ◽  
State Activity ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The kinetics of acid hydrolysis of a number of aliphatic acetals have been studied in dimethyl sulphoxide-water and dioxan-water mixtures. Where possible, experimentally measured medium activity coefficients for the acetals in the solvent systems have been used in order to calculate the transition state activity coefficients as a function of solvent composition. These activity coefficients are compared with those calculated for the transition states of other hydrolytic reactions, and with the known activity coefficients of some stable ions. The results show no features inconsistent with the assumptions of transition state theory.

Kinetic medium effects. III. Solvent effects on A1 and A2 Hydrolyses in water-dimethyl sulphoxide mixtures

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Cox ◽  
PT McTigue
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Medium Effects ◽  
System Activity

The relative rates of the concurrent A1 and A2 hydrolyses of t-butyl acetate have been measured as a function of solvent composition in water-dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) mixtures. A large difference in solvent effect is observed, which correlates well with observed solvent effects on ethyl acetate (A2) and acetal (Al) hydrolyses in the same solvent system. Activity coefficients have been measured for t-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and acetal in various water-DMSO mixtures.

Thermodynamics of Zn2+ 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide and 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide interactions: Stability, solubility, activity coefficients and medium effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemente Bretti ◽  
Rosalia Maria Cigala ◽  
Francesco Crea ◽  
Concetta De Stefano ◽  
Gabriele Lando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Medium Effects

Salt Effects and Medium Effects on Indicator Acid-Base Equilibria in a Methanol-Water Solvent

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald. Rosenthal ◽  
Hannah B. Hetzer ◽  
Roger G. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Medium Effects ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salt Effects ◽  
Water Solvent
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