Salt Effects and Medium Effects on Indicator Acid-Base Equilibria in a Methanol-Water Solvent

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald. Rosenthal ◽  
Hannah B. Hetzer ◽  
Roger G. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Medium Effects ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salt Effects ◽  
Water Solvent

Effects of the Hofmeister series of sodium salts on the solvent properties of water

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 5254-5261 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Ferreira ◽  
V. N. Uversky ◽  
B. Y. Zaslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Hofmeister Series ◽  
Salt Effects ◽  
Static Polarizability ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Structural Entropy ◽  
Solvent Properties

Distances between the signatures of salt effects on water solvent features depend on static polarizability of the anion and water structural entropy.

Protolytic equilibrium in lyophilic nanosized dispersions: Differentiating influence of the pseudophase and salt effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay O. Mchedlov-Petrossyan
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Constants ◽  
Electrostatic Model ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salt Effects ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Ionic Micelles ◽  
Indicator Dyes ◽  
Aqueous Micellar Solutions ◽  
The Given

The so-called apparent ionization constants of various acids (mainly indicator dyes) in versatile organized solutions are analyzed. Aqueous micellar solutions of colloidal surfactants and related lyophilic colloidal systems display a strong differentiating influence on the acidic strength of indicators located in the dispersed pseudophase, i.e., non-uniform changes of pKa on going from water to the given system. This concept allows the influence of such media on acid-base properties of dissolved reagents to be rationalized. It is demonstrated that the differentiating phenomenon is the main reason for limitation of the common electrostatic model of acid-base interactions, and is the principal hindrance to exact evaluations of the interfacial electrical potentials of ionic micelles by means of acid-base indicators. Salt effects, i.e., the influence of supporting electrolytes on the apparent ionization constants of acid-base indicators in the Stern region of ionic micelles, are considered. These salt effects can be conventionally divided into two kinds, namely, general (normal) and special (specific) effects. While the first type adds up to screening of the surface charge, the second one consists in micellar transitions caused by hydrophobic counterions.

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