THE TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN MIXED CHLORIDE SOLUTION

1927 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Braley ◽  
C. W. Rippie
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

OBSERVATIONS ON THE EXCRETION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTES IN THE DESERT RAT (DIPODOMYS SPECTABILIS SPECTABILIS M.) AND IN THE LABORATORY RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRISCILLA M. COLE ◽  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
D. BELLAMY
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Potassium Chloride Solution ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Dipodomys Spectabilis ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
Kangaroo Rat ◽  
Laboratory Rat ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

SUMMARY A comparison was made between two species of rodent, the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis spectabilis M., a desert rat) and the laboratory rat. The sodium and potassium content of blood and muscle and the water content of muscle were similar and were affected in the same way by adrenalectomy. Antidiuretic activity of the blood and urine of the desert rat was higher than the published figures for the laboratory rat. Reference is made to unpublished work showing the capacity of the adrenal gland of the desert rat to synthesize cortisol and corticosterone (ratio 10:7) and aldosterone. Loads of water or saline or potassium chloride solution were given by stomach tube together with drugs and hormones (acetazoleamide, cortisone, anti-aldosterone compounds, vasopressin). The rate of excretion and the amount and composition of the urine were determined. Estimates were made of the rates of absorption from the gut and of glomerular filtration and these were of the same order in both species. The desert rat showed a characteristic delay in the excretion of water and saline, called the diuretic lag. Only potassium chloride was excreted promptly and the diuretic lag supervened when anti-aldosterone was also administered. In general, the desert rat is able to reabsorb water in situations which demand water excretion in the laboratory rat. In similar circumstances the desert rat reabsorbs proportionately more sodium and excretes more potassium than the laboratory rat. The factors which occasion the diuretic lag and its termination are discussed and the possible contribution of aldosterone considered.

Formic acid solvent system. II. Conductance and solvation studies of 1 : 1 electrolytes in formic acid

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Paul ◽  
R Sharma ◽  
T Puri ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Solvation Numbers ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Anhydrous Formic Acid

Conductances of some 1 : 1 electrolytes have been measured in the concentration range (5-100) x 10-3 mol l-1 in anhydrous formic acid at 25�. The conductance data have been analysed by Fuoss-Shedlovsky equations. Transference numbers of sodium and potassium formates have been measured in this solvent at 25� by a modified Hittorf's method in the concentration range (3-80) x mol l-1. Ionic mobilities, effective ionic radii and solvation numbers of various ions in solution have been calculated. Solvation of cations decreases with the increase in the crystal radii of the ions.

ENDOCRINE INFLUENCES ON THE NET EXTRARENAL FLUXES OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.)

1967 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. HENDERSON ◽  
I. CHESTER JONES
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Potassium Loss ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normal Respiration ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

SUMMARY By use of the 'eel tube', it was shown in the freshwater eel that there was a regular net influx (gain) of sodium and a net outflux (loss) of potassium in quiescent animals with steady and normal respiration. Adaptation of eels to distilled water for periods of up to 6 weeks resulted in an increased net extrarenal (gills) uptake of sodium and an increased net loss of potassium when the head of the animal was placed in tap water made up to 600 μmoles Na+. Stress, injection of cortisol, metyrapone, metyrapone plus betamethasone and aldactone reduced or abolished net sodium gain and had variable effects on net potassium loss. The injection of aldosterone or a potassium chloride solution, but not that of a sodium chloride solution, produced an increased net gain of sodium. Removal of the corpuscles of Stannius was without demonstrable effect on net sodium and potassium fluxes; they remained within the normal range. Hypophysectomy reduced net sodium gain. Adrenalectomy markedly diminished or abolished net sodium gain with increased potassium loss. Net sodium gain was restored to normal values by injection of aldosterone. These results are discussed with regard to the homeostatic mechanisms in the euryhaline teleosts.

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