Complexes of hydrogen chloride with ethers in carbon tetrachloride and heptane. Effects of induction on the basicity of ethers

1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherril D. Christian ◽  
Basil M. Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride

Radiolysis of ethyl iodide – chloromethane mixtures

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Leblanc ◽  
M. A. West ◽  
R. J. Woods ◽  
J. A. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Iodide ◽  
Hydrogen Iodide ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Chlorine Anion ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions

Mixtures of ethyl iodide with chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and dichloromethane have been irradiated with 60Co γ-radiation. Reduced yields of iodine, hydrogen iodide, and hydrogen chloride from ethyl iodide – chloroform and ethyl iodide – dichloromethane mixtures and of chlorinated ethanes from ethyl iodide – chloroform are attributed to radical scavenging by iodine and dissociative electron capture by the chlorinated methane.Electron capture by carbon tetrachloride followed by ion–molecule reactions between ethyl iodide cations and ethyl iodide, or neutralization of these cations by chlorine anions, explains iodine yields observed at low ethyl iodide concentrations in carbon tetrachloride greater than those expected on the basis of partition of absorbed energy. In this mixture, neutralization of an ethyl iodide cation by a chlorine anion gives rise to an enhanced hydrogen chloride yield.

scholarly journals THE REACTIONS OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH CHLOROMETHANES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Sobering ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Cyanogen Chloride ◽  
Limiting Values ◽  
Reactant Flow

Cyanogen chloride and chlorine were the only gaseous products observed in the reaction of active nitrogen with carbon tetrachloride at 110° and 420 °C. The product yields tended towards limiting values at higher reactant flow rates, and increased with increase of temperature at all flow rates. The reactions of active nitrogen with chloroform and dichloromethane at 260° and 420 °C yielded hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, and cyanogen, in addition to cyanogen chloride and chlorine. The behavior of the product yields with reactant flow rates and temperature was similar to that of the products from carbon tetrachloride.

THE CHLORINATION OF METHANE

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Boswell ◽  
R. R. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Complete Utilization

A small-scale method was first developed in which the degree of chlorination of methane to methyl chloride could be determined by analysis of the resulting gases. The optimum conditions so determined were then applied on a scale which permitted the isolation and measurement of the products. A yield of 80% or better was obtained when using as a catalyst partially-reduced cupric chloride and passing moist nitrogen, methane and chlorine in the ratios of 70:7:1 at 450 °C. It was found that the proportion of chlorine could be more than doubled when 8% of hydrogen was present in the methane. Under such conditions the chlorine was completely utilized and only methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride were formed. The yield of isolated methyl chloride obtained was nearly 80% and this could be increased by operating on a larger scale. The same catalyst was successfully used in the chlorination of methane to carbon tetrachloride. A yield of 90% was obtained, with complete utilization of the chlorine. The chlorination of ethane to ethyl chloride, with a yield of at least 75% was also shown to be possible.

Ilmenite Chlorination: Usage of Gaseous Carbon Tetrachloride at Relatively Lower Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah ◽  
Azizan Aziz ◽  
Hussin Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Parameter Values

Malaysian ilmenite from “amang” or tin mining waste is well known for its physical and chemical complexity, making it difficult to be treated conventionally. With knowledge of ilmenite is rich in titania and iron, extractive efforts were made in order to segregate and recover the components of ilmenite, with major interest being the removal and retrieval of titanium. In this study, the extent of chlorination execution is observed by means of weight loss studies under various parameters, with an aim of successful chlorination at lower temperatures. At 723 K, chlorination trials were done using gaseous hydrogen chloride (gHCl), carbon monoxide-chlorine gas mixtures (gCO-Cl) and gaseous carbon tetrachloride (gCT). It was clearly seen that at such a relatively low temperature, only gCT was able to obtain a good chlorination degree, with up to 90% chlorination of –45+37 μm ilmenite particles were observed after 1 hour of reaction. With similar size fraction and time, hydrogen chloride was only able to give approximately 6% of chlorination while the mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine was seen incapable of giving anything higher than a 6% reaction. Initial observation suggests that the chlorination of ilmenite by carbon tetrachloride physically resembles the core shrinking model, although proper kinetic studies needs to be done to confirm this. Changes in various parameter values are seen to be quite sensitive to the overall ilmenite chlorination (via gCT) process. This study have shown that gCT presents an interesting route for the chlorination of complex ores such as ilmenite.

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