Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose as a Rheology Modifier Additive in CMC-Containing Pigment-Coating Formulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (45) ◽  
pp. 16066-16083 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dimic-Misic ◽  
P. A. C. Gane ◽  
J. Paltakari
Keyword(s):  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Pigment Coating ◽  
Rheology Modifier ◽  
Coating Formulations

Comparing the rheological properties of novel nanofibrillar cellulose-formulated pigment coating colours with those using traditional thickener

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Dimic-Misic ◽  
Tuomo Salo ◽  
Jouni Paltakari ◽  
Patrick Gane
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Flocculation Mechanism ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Nanofibrillar Cellulose ◽  
Pigment Coating ◽  
Coating Colour ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

Abstract Nanocellulose containing materials, such as micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), are potential additives which could improve strength properties of coated paper and board surfaces and thus substitute natural and synthetic cobinders, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylic thickeners, in pigmented coating formulations. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether MFC/NFC can be used in coating colours as sole co-binder. In this investigation, the change of rheological and dewatering behaviour of coating colours, having a single blend of pigments (ground calcium carbonate and kaolin clay) together with a latex emulsion binder, is studied when CMC is used as sole co-binder and during its partial and finally total replacement with MFC/NFC. The findings suggest that even though all coatings show viscoelasticity, MFC/NFC is seen to relate to the gel-like nature of the nanoparticles in the coating colour whereas the viscoelastic behaviour in the case of CMC is induced by differential flocculation amongst the pigment and latex binder. The flocculation mechanism is predicted to be necessary in order to provide the link between water retention and elastic structure recovery where anti-sagging is a prerequisite, such as in the coating of rough substrates, e.g. for board and packaging.

scholarly journals The influence of pigment proportions and calendering of coated paperboards on dot gain

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
S. Sönmez ◽  
Ö. Özden
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Surface Smoothness ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
Pigment Coating ◽  
Dot Gain ◽  
Formulation Parameters ◽  
Extra Weight ◽  
Coating Formulations

Dot gain is called Tone Value Increase (TVI). Low dot gain and rounder dot shape are important properties to obtain a good print. Dot gain is a measure of how much extra weight a given percent dot or tone has gained on the final printed substrate by comparison to the actual dot area on a press plate. Dot gain value depends on many factors. The interactions of paper, ink and press conditions are important determinates for a good print. In addition, the pigment coating process and calendering conditions have a significant effect on the printability of paperboards. Pigment coating formulations including mineral pigments, binders and additives improve the gloss, brightness, opacity and smoothness of the paperboards. As a result, print quality of paperboards increase. A uniform paperboard surface is needed to obtain a high quality surface smoothness after the coating process. High surface smoothness improves the uniformity of the dot shape and size. Pigment coating formulation parameters; pigment selection, binder selection and binder level influence print quality. The aims of this study - pigment selection and ratio - are to determine the effect on dot gain in lithography printing. To this aim, base paperboards were coated using five pigment coating formulations which included different combinations of kaolin, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide pigment with a styrene\n-butyl acrylate copolymer binder using a bar application. After coating, the samples were air-dried overnight under TAPPI conditions. Then, half of the coated-paperboards were calendered. Tone scales from 1 to 100 % were offset printed using black ink on the uncalendered and calenderedcoated paperboards. Then, from the printed tone scale, the tone area values were measured with the Gretagmacbeth Spectrolino spectrophotometer. These values showed that pigment coating improved the surface optical and physical properties of paperboards. After calendering, the roughness values of coated paperboards decreased. In addition, the obtained dot and line sharpness on calendered-coated paperboards were better than on uncalenderedcoated paperboards. However, the dot gain values of calendered-coated paperboards had fewer dot gains than uncalendered-coated paperboards. It was established that the variation of pigment proportions in the coating formulations had no significant effect on dot gain.

Development and production experience of the multilayer curtain-coated linerboard of Ji’an PM No. 3,

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
JUNMING SHU ◽  
ARTHAS YANG ◽  
PEKKA SALMINEN ◽  
HENRI VAITTINEN
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Curtain Coating ◽  
Coating Formulations

The Ji’an PM No. 3 is the first linerboard machine in China to use multilayer curtain coating technology. Since successful startup at the end of 2011, further development has been carried out to optimize running conditions, coating formulations, and the base paper to provide a product with satisfactory quality and lower cost to manufacture. The key challenges include designing the base board structure for the desired mechanical strength, designing the surface properties for subsequent coating operations, optimizing the high-speed running of the curtain coater to enhance production efficiency, minimizing the amount of titanium dioxide in the coating color, and balancing the coated board properties to make them suitable for both offset and flexographic printing. The pilot and mill scale results show that curtain coating has a major positive impact on brightness, while smoothness is improved mainly by the blade coating and calendering conditions. Optimization of base board properties and the blade + curtain + blade concept has resulted in the successful use of 100% recycled fiber to produce base board. The optical, mechanical, and printability properties of the final coated board meet market requirements for both offset and flexographic printing. Machine runnability is excellent at the current speed of 1000 m/min, and titanium dioxide has been eliminated in the coating formulations without affecting the coating coverage. A significant improvement in the total cost of coated white liner production has been achieved, compared to the conventional concept of using virgin fiber in the top ply. Future development will focus on combining low cost with further quality improvements to make linerboard suitable for a wider range of end-use applications, including frozen-food packaging and folding boxboard.

Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG PENG ◽  
DOUGLAS J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

Rheological Behavior of Coating Color and Effects of Rheology Modifier

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Kasuga ◽  
Koichi Tadaki ◽  
Kaori Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Rheology Modifier

Coating: Incorporation of laccase in pigment coating for bioactive paper applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piia Gustafsson ◽  
Martti Toivakka ◽  
Jouko Peltonen ◽  
Stina Grönqvist ◽  
Tomi Erho
Keyword(s):  
Pigment Coating ◽  
Bioactive Paper

scholarly journals Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri S. Kontturi ◽  
Koon-Yang Lee ◽  
Mitchell P. Jones ◽  
William W. Sampson ◽  
Alexander Bismarck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fiber Mats

Abstract Cellulose nanopapers provide diverse, strong and lightweight templates prepared entirely from sustainable raw materials, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Yet the strength of CNFs has not been fully capitalized in the resulting nanopapers and the relative influence of CNF strength, their bonding, and biological origin to nanopaper strength are unknown. Here, we show that basic principles from paper physics can be applied to CNF nanopapers to illuminate those relationships. Importantly, it appeared that ~ 200 MPa was the theoretical maximum for nanopapers with random fibril orientation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the contrast in tensile strength for nanopapers prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC) and wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Endemic amorphous polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) in NFC act as matrix in NFC nanopapers, strengthening the bonding between CNFs just like it improves the bonding between CNFs in the primary cell wall of plants. The conclusions apply to all composites containing non-woven fiber mats as reinforcement. Graphic abstract

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