scholarly journals Design Alternatives for the Amyl Acetate Process:  Coupled Reactor/Column and Reactive Distillation

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 3233-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Feng Chiang ◽  
Chien-Lin Kuo ◽  
Cheng-Ching Yu ◽  
David S. H. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Design Alternatives

iso-Amyl Acetate Synthesis by Catalytic Distillation

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Saha ◽  
H T R Teo ◽  
A Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Catalytic Distillation

With ever-growing environmental concerns, petrochemical and fine chemical industries face an omnipresent issue in recovering dilute acetic acid from its aqueous solutions. Catalytic distillation holds an ascendancy over conventional physical separation methods such as distillation and extraction. Distillation is associated with the high costs involved in vaporising the more volatile water that exists in high proportions and possesses a high latent heat of vaporisation. Extraction is limited in view of the distribution of the components in the reacting system. The implementation of catalytic distillation reduces capital and operating costs, and allows for a wider range of operating conditions. Catalytic distillation is receiving increasing attention and holds a huge potential for the recovery of acetic acid. Through the application of catalytic distillation via the reaction of acetic acid with iso-amyl alcohol, a useful ester in the form of iso-amyl acetate could be produced.In the present work towards further process development, the synthesis of iso-amyl acetate via reactive distillation is studied using Katamax® catalyst packing in the catalytic reactive section. The reactive distillation experiments were carried out at laboratory scale in a 50 mm diameter column with a catalytic packing section of 1 m and non-reactive packed enriching and stripping sections of about 1 m each. A cation exchange resin catalyst, Purolite® CT-175, was used. The experiments were conducted with the aim of achieving an optimum column configuration as well as process conditions for the synthesis of iso-amyl acetate in a reactive distillation column (RDC). Several variants of the RDC set-up e.g. total feed mole ratio, reflux ratio, location of feed points, reflux configuration and acid concentrations were explored for the recovery of dilute acetic acid and to achieve a high purity value added product, iso-amyl acetate.

scholarly journals Control of reactive distillation columns for amyl acetate production using dilute acetic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan‐Jen Hung ◽  
I‐Kuan Lai ◽  
Shih‐Bo Hung ◽  
Hsiao‐Ping Huang ◽  
Ming‐Jer Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
Distillation Columns

scholarly journals Process Chemistry and Design Alternatives for Converting Dilute Acetic Acid to Esters in Reactive Distillation

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1722-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Jen Hung ◽  
I-Kuan Lai ◽  
Yi-Wei Chen ◽  
Shih-Bo Hung ◽  
Hsiao-Ping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Process Chemistry ◽  
Design Alternatives

Clean Electron Microscope Substrate Films Used for Micrometeorite Collection and Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
D. M. Davies ◽  
R. Kemner ◽  
E. F. Fullam
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Film Specimen ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

All serious electron microscopists at one time or another have been concerned with the cleanliness and freedom from artifacts of thin film specimen support substrates. This is particularly important where there are relatively few particles of a sample to be found for study, as in the case of micrometeorite collections. For the deposition of such celestial garbage through the use of balloons, rockets, and aircraft, the thin film substrates must have not only all the attributes necessary for use in the electron microscope, but also be able to withstand rather wide temperature variations at high altitude, vibration and shock inherent in the collection vehicle's operation and occasionally an unscheduled violent landing.Nitrocellulose has been selected as a film forming material that meets these requirements yet lends itself to a relatively simple clean-up procedure to remove particulate contaminants. A 1% nitrocellulose solution is prepared by dissolving “Parlodion” in redistilled amyl acetate from which all moisture has been removed.

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