Analysis of zeolite catalyst deactivation during catalytic cracking reactions

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian C. Reyes ◽  
L. E. Scriven
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

A new approach on catalytic cracking catalyst deactivation

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson P. Mart�nez ◽  
Andr�s M. Quesada P.
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals Bio-oil transformation into 2nd generation biofuels

Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Tomáš Macek ◽  
Miloš Auersvald ◽  
Petr Straka
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Petroleum Feedstock ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Petroleum Fractions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Refining Processes

The article summarized the possible transformations of pyrolysis bio-oil from lignocellulose into 2nd generation biofuels. Although a lot has been published about this topic, so far, none of the published catalytic pro-cesses has found commercial application due to the rapid deactivation of the catalyst. Most researches deal with bio-oil hydrotreatment at severe conditions or its pro-cessing by catalytic cracking to prepare 2nd generation biofuels directly. However, this approach is not commercially applicable due to high consumptions of hydrogen and fast catalyst deactivation. Another way, crude bio-oil co-processing with petroleum fractions in hydrotreatment or FCC units seems to be more promising. The last approach, bio-oil mild hydrotreatment followed by final co-processing with petroleum feedstock using common refining processes (FCC and hydrotreatment) seems to be the most promising way to produce 2nd generation biofuels from pyrolysis bio-oil. Co-processing of bio-oil with petroleum fraction in FCC increases conversion to gasoline and, thus, it could be a preferable process in the USA. Otherwise, co-hydrotreatment of hydrotreated bio-oil with LCO leads not only to the reduction of hydrogen consumption but also to the conversion preferably to diesel. This process seems to be more suitable for Europe. Further research on bio-oils upgrading is still necessary before the commercialization of the bio-oil conversion into biofuels suitable for cars. However, the first commercial bio-refinery that will convert bio-oil into biofuel for marine transport is planned to be built in the Netherlands.

Location and Surface Species of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Contaminants: Implications for Alleviating Catalyst Deactivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 10371-10382 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. J. Etim ◽  
Pingping Wu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Wei Xing ◽  
Rooh Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Surface Species

Kinetic modelling of the catalytic cracking of n-hexane and n-heptane over a zeolite catalyst

2004 ◽  
Vol 272 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Ramos Pinto ◽  
P Borges ◽  
M.A.N.D.A Lemos ◽  
F Lemos ◽  
F.Ramôa Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Kinetic Modelling

Facile Fabrication of ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst with High Durability to Coke Formation during Catalytic Cracking of Paraffins

ACS Catalysis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Inagaki ◽  
Shoma Shinoda ◽  
Yoshihiro Kaneko ◽  
Kazuyoshi Takechi ◽  
Raita Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Facile Fabrication

Catalytic Pyrolysis of High Density Polyethylene on a HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst in a Conical Spouted Bed Reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorka Elordi ◽  
Gartzen Lopez ◽  
Roberto Aguado ◽  
Martin Olazar ◽  
Javier Bilbao
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Commercial Gasoline ◽  
On Line

HDPE has been pyrolysed at 450 °C and 500 °C using HZSM-5 zeolite as a catalyst. Batch runs have been carried out at atmospheric pressure in a conical spouted bed reactor. Product analysis has been carried out by means of a GC, connected on-line with a thermostated line. The degradation rate of the plastic is slightly faster at 500 °C than at 450 °C and much faster than thermal pyrolysis in both cases. Products have been grouped into five lumps: the lump of light olefins, C2-C4; light alkanes, C1-C4; the gasoline fraction, C5-C11 compounds; C11+ hydrocarbons; and the coke deposited on the catalyst. An HZSM-5 catalyst is appropriate to obtain light olefins; about 55 wt% in both cases. The yield of gasoline fraction is also considerable and although its composition is not suitable for commercial gasoline, is interesting for its use in petrochemistry. The catalyst deactivation rate is low.

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