A new approach on catalytic cracking catalyst deactivation

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson P. Mart�nez ◽  
Andr�s M. Quesada P.
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
New Approach

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

scholarly journals Bio-oil transformation into 2nd generation biofuels

Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Tomáš Macek ◽  
Miloš Auersvald ◽  
Petr Straka
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Petroleum Feedstock ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Petroleum Fractions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Refining Processes

The article summarized the possible transformations of pyrolysis bio-oil from lignocellulose into 2nd generation biofuels. Although a lot has been published about this topic, so far, none of the published catalytic pro-cesses has found commercial application due to the rapid deactivation of the catalyst. Most researches deal with bio-oil hydrotreatment at severe conditions or its pro-cessing by catalytic cracking to prepare 2nd generation biofuels directly. However, this approach is not commercially applicable due to high consumptions of hydrogen and fast catalyst deactivation. Another way, crude bio-oil co-processing with petroleum fractions in hydrotreatment or FCC units seems to be more promising. The last approach, bio-oil mild hydrotreatment followed by final co-processing with petroleum feedstock using common refining processes (FCC and hydrotreatment) seems to be the most promising way to produce 2nd generation biofuels from pyrolysis bio-oil. Co-processing of bio-oil with petroleum fraction in FCC increases conversion to gasoline and, thus, it could be a preferable process in the USA. Otherwise, co-hydrotreatment of hydrotreated bio-oil with LCO leads not only to the reduction of hydrogen consumption but also to the conversion preferably to diesel. This process seems to be more suitable for Europe. Further research on bio-oils upgrading is still necessary before the commercialization of the bio-oil conversion into biofuels suitable for cars. However, the first commercial bio-refinery that will convert bio-oil into biofuel for marine transport is planned to be built in the Netherlands.

Location and Surface Species of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Contaminants: Implications for Alleviating Catalyst Deactivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 10371-10382 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. J. Etim ◽  
Pingping Wu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Wei Xing ◽  
Rooh Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Surface Species

Nine-lumped kinetic model for VGO catalytic cracking; using catalyst deactivation

Fuel ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Afshar Ebrahimi ◽  
Hadis Mousavi ◽  
Hamid Bayesteh ◽  
Jafar Towfighi
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation

scholarly journals Quantitative Visual Characterization of Contaminant Metals and their Mobility in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Senter ◽  
Mastry ◽  
Mannion ◽  
McGuire ◽  
Houtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Vanadium Iron ◽  
Contaminant Metals ◽  
Fcc Catalysts ◽  
Iron And Calcium

A new approach for characterization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts is proposed. This approach is based on computational visual analyses of images originating from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies coupled with elemental mapping via electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The concept of contaminant metal mobility is defined and systematically studied through quantification of interparticle transfer and intraparticle penetration of the most common FCC contaminant metals (nickel, vanadium, iron, and calcium). This novel methodology was employed for practical quantification of intraparticle mobility via the Peripheral Deposition Index (PDI). For analyzing and quantifying interparticle mobility, a new index was developed and coined “Interparticle Mobility Index” or IMI. With the development and practical application of these two indices, this study offers the first standardized methodology for quantification of metals mobility in FCC. This novel systematic approach for analyzing metals mobility allows for improved troubleshooting of refinery-specific case studies and for more effective research and development in contaminant metals passivation in FCC catalysts.

New Approach for Kinetic Modeling of Catalytic Cracking of Paraffinic Naphtha

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264-4279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Ho Lee ◽  
Sookil Kang ◽  
Young Kim ◽  
Sunwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals Analysis of Process Variables via CFD to Evaluate the Performance of a FCC Riser

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Alvarez-Castro ◽  
E. M. Matos ◽  
M. Mori ◽  
W. Martignoni ◽  
R. Ocone
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Operation Process

Feedstock conversion and yield products are studied through a 3D model simulating the main reactor of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is used with Eulerian-Eulerian approach to predict the fluid catalytic cracking behavior. The model considers 12 lumps with catalyst deactivation by coke and poisoning by alkaline nitrides and polycyclic aromatic adsorption to estimate the kinetic behavior which, starting from a given feedstock, produces several cracking products. Different feedstock compositions are considered. The model is compared with sampling data at industrial operation conditions. The simulation model is able to represent accurately the products behavior for the different operating conditions considered. All the conditions considered were solved using a solver ANSYS CFX 14.0. The different operation process variables and hydrodynamic effects of the industrial riser of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) are evaluated. Predictions from the model are shown and comparison with experimental conversion and yields products are presented; recommendations are drawn to establish the conditions to obtain higher product yields in the industrial process.

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