Ethylene Oxide Solubility and Ethoxylation Kinetics in the Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 4092-4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Di Serio ◽  
R. Tesser ◽  
F. Felippone ◽  
E. Santacesaria
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Oxide Solubility

Glyphosate Toxicity to Common Milkweed and Hemp Dogbane as Influenced by Surfactants

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Wyrill ◽  
O.C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Dimethyl Amine ◽  
Percentage Basis

Surfactants were evaluated in the greenhouse for their ability to enhance glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] toxicity to common milkweed (Asclepias syriacaL.) and hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinumL.). Ethoxylated amines were among the most effective groups of surfactants. Nonionic ether and ester ethoxylates combined with a dimethyl amine or a quaternary ammonium salt were more effective than any of these surfactants alone. Effectiveness of ethoxylated amine surfactants was altered by pH changes. Cat-ionic surfactants tended to be more effective than nonionic surfactants. With exceptions, surfactants were more effective with increased ethoxylation. Amine surfactant effectiveness increased with increasing concentrations up to 0.3% (w/v). Surfactant effectiveness on a molar basis was more closely related to the ethylene oxide content of the surfactant than was effectiveness on a percentage basis. Contact angle was not related to surfactant effectiveness at high or low surfactant concentrations. Ethoxylated stearyl ether and amine surfactants gave optimum effectiveness at hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values of 15 to 16 and 19 to 20, respectively. Surfactants with a low HLB were usually less effective. Effectiveness of surfactant combinations was quite variable and difficult to predict. Therefore, the indiscriminate addition of surfactants to glyphosate spray mixtures which already contain a surfactant should be avoided.

Self-Assembly Study of Polydisperse Ethylene Oxide-Based Nonionic Surfactants

Langmuir ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1014-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Nagy ◽  
László Szöllösi ◽  
Sándor Kéki ◽  
Miklós Zsuga
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants
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