Test Method for Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants

10.1520/d2959 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Ethylene Oxide Content

scholarly journals Influence of Ethylene Oxide Content in Nonionic Surfactant to the Hydrolysis of Reactive Dye in Silicone Non-Aqueous Dyeing System

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Wang ◽  
Yongbo Zhang ◽  
Huashu Dou ◽  
Liujun Pei
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Vinyl Sulfone ◽  
Hydrolytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ethylene Oxide Content

Silicone reverse dyeing technology provides an important means of saving water and salts-free in the textile dyeing industry. The interactions between dyes and surfactants may influence the hydrolysis of dye during dyeing. In this investigation, the effect of ethylene oxide content in nonionic surfactant on the hydrolytic reaction of reactive dye was firstly investigated in a siloxane reverse emulsion dyeing system. Compared with no surfactants, the hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone reactive dye was a slowdown when some nonionic surfactants were used during dyeing. Usually, the hydrophobic groups in nonionic surfactants were dodecyl chains but their polar head groups were different. The hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone dye showed that the longer of EO (ethylene oxide) chains, the faster the hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone dye. From the absorption spectrum of dye, it could be concluded that more of dyes would be solubilized into the formed micelles, and dye-surfactant complexes were adhered to the surface of micelles if the molecular structure of surfactant had a shorter EO chains. Furthermore, the intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bond could be formed between dye and surfactant, which would further influence the hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone dye. However, the solubility of surfactant in siloxane non-aqueous media would decrease with the increase of EO chains. Meanwhile, the dispersion of dye was enhanced as well as the hydrolytic reaction of dye. From this investigation, some surfactant can be used to improve the fixation of reactive dye during dyeing. Furthermore, washing times after dyeing and the ecological problems can be decreased.

Photo-Polymerized Organic Host Network of Ionogels for Lithium Batteries: Effects of Mesh Size and of Ethylene Oxide Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (14) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Djamel Aidoud ◽  
Delphine Guy-Bouyssou ◽  
Dominique Guyomard ◽  
Jean Le Bideau ◽  
Bernard Lestriez
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Ethylene Oxide Content

Glyphosate Toxicity to Common Milkweed and Hemp Dogbane as Influenced by Surfactants

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Wyrill ◽  
O.C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Dimethyl Amine ◽  
Percentage Basis

Surfactants were evaluated in the greenhouse for their ability to enhance glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] toxicity to common milkweed (Asclepias syriacaL.) and hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinumL.). Ethoxylated amines were among the most effective groups of surfactants. Nonionic ether and ester ethoxylates combined with a dimethyl amine or a quaternary ammonium salt were more effective than any of these surfactants alone. Effectiveness of ethoxylated amine surfactants was altered by pH changes. Cat-ionic surfactants tended to be more effective than nonionic surfactants. With exceptions, surfactants were more effective with increased ethoxylation. Amine surfactant effectiveness increased with increasing concentrations up to 0.3% (w/v). Surfactant effectiveness on a molar basis was more closely related to the ethylene oxide content of the surfactant than was effectiveness on a percentage basis. Contact angle was not related to surfactant effectiveness at high or low surfactant concentrations. Ethoxylated stearyl ether and amine surfactants gave optimum effectiveness at hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values of 15 to 16 and 19 to 20, respectively. Surfactants with a low HLB were usually less effective. Effectiveness of surfactant combinations was quite variable and difficult to predict. Therefore, the indiscriminate addition of surfactants to glyphosate spray mixtures which already contain a surfactant should be avoided.

scholarly journals Influence of sugars on the foliar uptake of bentazone and glyphosate

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Q. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Organosilicone Surfactant ◽  
Ethylene Oxide Content

The effect of sugars on the uptake of bentazone and glyphosate into bean (Vicia faba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) foliage was studied The addition of 05 glucose or sucrose significantly increased the uptake of bentazone into bean and wheat leaves This effect was also observed in the presence of a surfactant especially in wheat Glucose and sucrose also improved the uptake of glyphosate into wheat leaves especially in combination with surfactants of low ethylene oxide content When used at 2 concentration both sugars completely overcame the antagonistic effect of an organosilicone surfactant (Silwet L77) on glyphosate uptake into wheat leaves The results are discussed in relation to the solute dose on the leaf surface as influenced by surfactants and sugars

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