Nonionic Surfactant-Enhanced Solubilization and Recovery of Organic Contaminants from within Cationic Surfactant-Enhanced Sorbent Zones. 2. Numerical Simulations

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel S. Hayworth ◽  
David R. Burris
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Organic Contaminants

The Effect of Surfactant on the Morphology of SnO2 Nanoarrays

2011 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Yu Jing ◽  
Qiang Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Disordered Structure

The morphology of SnO2nanoarrays prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by hydrothermal method can be controlled through using different surfactants. The surfactants play an important role in influencing the morphology and size of SnO2nanoarrays. The rod-like nano-arrays prepared by using cationic surfactant, disordered structure randomly assembled by nanoparticle obtained by using anionic surfactant, the flower-like nanoarrays synthesized by using nonionic surfactant. Furthermore, the effect of the amount of nonionic surfactant-polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) on the morphology and size of flower-like SnO2nanoarrays has systematically been investigated.

Efficacy of Glyphosate Plus Bentazon or Quizalofop on Glyphosate-Resistant Canola or Corn

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Tao ◽  
Jingkai Zhou ◽  
Calvin G. Messersmith ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Silicone Surfactant ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Petroleum Oil ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of glyphosate on efficacy of bentazon for glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola control and of quizalofop for GR corn control. Control also was evaluated for glyphosate plus bentazon on wild buckwheat and wheat and glyphosate plus quizalofop on velvetleaf. Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled GR canola and wild buckwheat but were antagonistic for wheat control. Glyphosate plus quizalofop were additive for control of GR corn and velvetleaf. Inert ingredients in glyphosate formulations, i.e., cationic surfactant, NH4, or K, contributed to glyphosate synergism of bentazon, but the major contribution came from glyphosate itself. Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola was enhanced by ammonium nitrate (AMN), ammonium sulfate (AMS), nonionic surfactant (NIS), or silicone surfactant (SiS) but was slightly decreased by methylated seed oil (MSO) or petroleum oil concentrate. AMN, AMS, NIS, and SiS partially overcame the antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat control. NIS enhanced phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corn and velvetleaf, but the enhancement was less than by SiS or MSO to GR corn and SiS or AMS to velvetleaf.

Adsorption of a Switchable Cationic Surfactant on Natural Carbonate Minerals

SPE Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyu Cui ◽  
Kun Ma ◽  
Ahmed A. Abdala ◽  
Lucas J. Lu ◽  
Ivan Tanakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Surfactant Precipitation ◽  
High Pressure Co2 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Summary A switchable cationic surfactant (e.g., tertiary amine surfactant Ethomeen C12) was previously described as a surfactant that one can inject in high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) for foam-mobility control. C12 can dissolve in high-pressure CO2 as a nonionic surfactant and equilibrate with brine as a cationic surfactant. Here, we describe the adsorption characteristics of this surfactant in carbonate-formation materials. The adsorption of this surfactant is sensitive to the equilibrium pH, the electrolyte composition of the brine, and the minerals in carbonate-formation materials. Pure C12 is a nonionic surfactant. When it is mixed with brine, the solution has a high pH and limited solubility. However, when the surfactant solution in brine is equilibrated with high-pressure CO2, the pH is approximately 4; the surfactant switches to a cationic surfactant and becomes soluble. Thus, the adsorption is also a function of pH. The adsorption of C12 on calcite at low pH is low (e.g., 0.5 mg/m2). However, if the carbonate formation contains silica or clays, the adsorption is high, as is typical for cationic surfactants. The adsorption of C12 on silica decreases with an increase in divalent (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and trivalent (Al3+) cations. This is because of the competition for the negatively charged silica sites between the multivalent cations and the monovalent cationic surfactant. An additional effect of the presence of divalent cations in the brine is that it reduces the dissolution of calcite or dolomite in the presence of high-pressure CO2. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite is harmful because of formation damage and increased alkalinity. The latter raises the pH and thus increases the adsorption of C12 or even causes surfactant precipitation.

scholarly journals Recovery of Alcohol Ethoxylates Nonionic Surfactant using Co-Current Vacuum Stripping

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Suratsawadee Kungsanant ◽  
Sirinthip Kittisrisawai ◽  
Boonyarach Kitiyanan ◽  
Thirasak Rirksomboon ◽  
Somchai Osuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Contaminants

Cloud point extraction (CPE) has shown to be an effective technique to remove organic compounds from contaminated water using nonionic surfactant as a separating agent. To make this process more economically attractive, the spent nonionic surfactants should be recycled and reused. This work utilized a packed column operated under vacuum in co-current mode to remove the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the secondary alcohol ethoxylates, AEs, coacervate solution. The co-current operation can effectively avoid plugging, excessive foaming, and flooding. The selected volatile organic contaminants are aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. The hydrophobic properties of the VOCs are described by an octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow). The results show that as the Kow increases, the Ks substantially increases while the Happ of the VOCs significantly decreases. The reduction of VOCs volatilization is possibly due to greater partitioning of the VOCs into surfactant micelles. The similar trend is also observed in the continuous operation. The results show that as the Kow increases, the percentage of VOCs removal and the Kxa decrease due to the VOCs’ hydrophobic effect. The removal percentages of the VOCs vary from 60 to 90%. The R2 of the log-log and semi-log relationships between Kow and studied parameters are observed in the range of 0.96-0.99.

scholarly journals Study of the Air-Entraining Behavior Based on the Interactions between Cement Particles and Selected Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Zhitao Chen ◽  
Yingzi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Air Entraining Agents ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Positively Charged

The essential role of the air void size distribution in air-entrained cementitious materials is widely accepted. However, how the air-entraining behavior is affected by features such as the molecular structure of air-entraining agents (AEAs), the type of solid particles, or the chemical environment of the pore solution in fresh mortars is still not well understood. Besides, methods to assess the interaction between AEAs and cement particles are limited. Thus, in this study, the air-entraining behaviors of three kinds of surfactant (cationic, anionic, and nonionic) were examined. The general working mechanisms of these surfactants were studied by zeta potential and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Results indicate that the cationic surfactant entrains improper coarse air voids due to the strong electrical interaction between air bubbles formed by the cationic surfactant and negatively charged cement particles. The anionic surfactant interacts with the positively charged part of cement particles, and thus entrains finer air voids. The interaction between the nonionic surfactant and cement particles is very weak; as a result, the nonionic surfactant entrains the finest and homogeneous air voids.

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