scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Compressor Stations in the Transmission and Storage Sector: Measurements and Comparisons with the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Protocol

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 3252-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Subramanian ◽  
Laurie L. Williams ◽  
Timothy L. Vaughn ◽  
Daniel Zimmerle ◽  
Joseph R. Roscioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
And Storage

Methane Emissions Reduction in Liquefied Natural Gas Off-Loading Process in Refueling Stations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sharafian ◽  
Paul Blomerus ◽  
Walter Mérida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Pressure Buildup ◽  
Tanker Truck ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent research into methane emissions from the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain has revealed uncertainty in the overall greenhouse gas emissions reduction associated with the use of LNG in heavy-duty vehicles. Methane is the main component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. This study investigates the impact of five methods used to offload LNG from a tanker truck to an LNG refueling station and estimate the amount of fugitive methane emissions. The LNG offloading process time, and the final pressures of the tanker truck and refueling station are considered to evaluate the performance of the LNG offloading methods. The modeling results show that the LNG transfer by using a pressure buildup unit has a limited operating range and can increase methane emissions by 10.4% of LNG offloaded from the tanker truck. The results indicate that the LNG transfer by using a pump and an auxiliary pressure buildup unit without vapor return provides the shortest fuel offloading time with the lowest risk of venting methane to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Methylotrophs from an Indian landfill site and their potential for biofuel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
In Situ Bioremediation

Emission of CH4 from landfills is a major cause of concern as CH4 is twenty four times more potent than CO2, as a greenhouse gas. However, landfills also harbor a group of bacteria called methanotrophs, which can oxidize CH4. They can be used for in situ bioremediation to reduce methane emissions. They can also be used for production of methanol or renewable diesel, utilizing methane in natural gas or biogas. Methanotrophs are a subgroup of methylotrophs. We used molecular techniques for detection of methylotrophs in samples from a landfill in New Delhi. We could detect five methylotrophs. Isolation and efficiency in methanotrophy of these bacteria is undergoing now.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Inventories Underestimate Methane Emissions

Eos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sidder
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories

A new study in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area reveals prior estimates may significantly underrepresent methane emissions, particularly from landfills and natural gas systems.

scholarly journals Overview of the new regulatory base for 2019–2020 on the decarbonisation of economy and its influence on the conditions of functconing of the ukrainian gas industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
I.Ch. Leshchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Reporting And Verification ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the new Ukrainian and European regulatory framework for 2019-2020 concerning the decarburization of economy of the functioning of Ukrainian gas industry. The paper provides an overview of the Ukrainian regulatory framework of 2019–2020 on the implementation of the system of monitoring, reporting, and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in our country. We also provide an overview of new European documents on the decarbonisation of economy, in particular, the European Green Deal, the EU Strategy for Reducing Methane Emissions, and the Hydrogen Strategy for Climate-Neutral Europe. We showed that these EU documents will exert a significant influence on the functioning of both the energy sector of our country as a whole and its part – gas industry. The paper shows that, under the existing plans of the development of energy sector in European countries in order to reach the state where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 and under conditions of fierce competition for sources and routes of gas supply to the European market, the most pressing problem confronting the gas transportation system of Ukraine is to optimize its structure with simultaneous replacement of outdated compressor equipment by modern one with lower carbon dioxide emissions, which will require a significant amount of investment. Under such conditions, it is necessary to study carefully the feasibility of introducing activities for the main transportation of gas under the action of Greenhouse Gas Trading System. We also showed that the reduction of methane emissions along the natural gas chain supply in accordance with the EU Strategy for the reduction of methane emissions is extremely important for Ukraine. In addition to the implementation of measures for reducing these emissions, it is necessary to attract attention to the development of national methods for estimating methane emissions and the use of national coefficients in the formation of the National Greenhouse gas emissions inventory for estimating volatile emissions from natural gas activities. Keywords: monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions, Greenhouse Gas Trading System, decarbonisation, European Green Deal, gas transportation system

Pitching Early for CCUS Research and Development in Oil & Gas Industry: A Well Thought Endeavor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Deo Tewari ◽  
Mohd Faizal Sedaralit ◽  
Bhajan Lal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The oil and gas industry, a highly technical industry, involves a collaboration of various disciplines of science and technology from exploration to production and utilization of the products. Continuous research and technology developments have improved the success of the industry. Oil and Gas will continue to play important role in the total energy mix due to their affordability and easiness of use. The infrastructure and facilities viz, drilling rigs, pipeline, casing and tubular, platforms and chemical produced from other industries also contribute significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Increased use of oil & gas is causing the emission of GHG in the atmosphere causing temperature rise of the earth which is a major cause for climate change. The increasing demand for natural gas is necessitating the development of giant contaminated gas fields which will further increase GHG production significantly. Natural gas would be the transition fuel from conventional to renewable energy sources. Climate science is understood, and experts are of the view that current and enhanced future emissions of GHG will have a catastrophic effect on the environment. It has to be controlled and produced contaminated gases need to be stored safely and utilized for humanity. Improvement in energy efficiency and environmental sustainability by reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial operations as well as from energy use by consumers is picking up. Carbon capture, separation, transportation, storage, and utilization has started at a small scale. There is an urgent need to improve yesterday’s performance and meet tomorrow’s challenge in CCUS in the petroleum industry. Fundamental research for capturing, utilization and storage of GHG has to be enhanced for improvising the processes. It is a fact that technology stimulates science, science stimulates technology, and both stimulate the efficiency of the process. Because of this, success mantra and objective for better performance, oil and gas companies are investing and pursuing research and development for controlling and managing the carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS). This paper discusses the result of active Research and Development of CCUS which is being pursued for the last decades for fundamental issues of separation of carbon dioxide, transportation, subsurface storage physics & chemistry and utilization of the CO2 into usable products. Scientific results and findings of basic and applied research for better efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the products like precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), alcohols and methane generation by Methanogenesis. Supercritical behavior of CO2 in subsurface, geomechanical and geochemical changes during and after storage, enhancing trapping mechanism, the effect of H2S on CO2 storage and understanding the science of contaminant separation and areas of improvement in methodologies will be presented and highlighted.

Potential Reduction of Fugitive Methane Emissions at Compressor Stations and Storage Facilities Powered by Natural Gas Engines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Johnson ◽  
April Covington
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Crankcase Ventilation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

The American Gas Association (AGA) and the United States (US) Energy Information Administration (EIA) report that natural gas reserves, production, and consumption are increasing. Current estimates show over 100 years worth of recoverable reserves. As production increases, the natural gas pipeline interstate will grow or at least experience increased throughput. With the industry expanding at rapid rates and the high global warming potential of methane (21 over a 100 year period), it is important to identify potential sources for reductions in fugitive methane emissions. This research group conducted leak and loss audits at five natural gas compressor station and storage facilities. The majority of methane losses were associated with the operation of the lean-burn, natural gas engines (open crankcases, exhaust), compressor seal vents, and open liquid storage tanks. This paper focuses on the potential reduction in fugitive methane emissions of the discovered industry weaknesses through application of various proven technologies. As engines are not perfectly sealed, blow-by of intake air, fuel, and combustion gases occurs past the piston rings. In order to prevent a build-up of pressure within the crankcase, it must be vented. Diesel engines have lower hydrocarbon emissions from their crankcases due to the short duration of fuel addition after compression of the intake charge. Lean-burn, natural gas engines, like conventional gasoline engines, compress both the fuel and intake air during the compression stroke. During the 1960s, many passenger vehicles adopted positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) or closed crankcase ventilation (CCV) systems to reduce significantly hydrocarbon emissions from engines. Currently, some heavy-duty on-road engines still have open crankcase systems and most off-road engines have crankcases simply vented to the atmosphere. In this paper, researchers will examine the potential reduction in methane emissions that could be realized with the installation of retrofitted CCV systems at these locations. In addition to the reduction of methane losses from the crankcase, it is realized that with proper plumbing, flow control, and safety parameters, all of the losses typically vented to atmosphere could be ducted into the engine intake for combustion. Preliminary results show that applications of closed crankcase systems could reduce emissions from these sites by 1–11% while modifying these systems to include the losses from compressor seal vents and storage tanks could yield potential reductions in methane emissions by 10–57%.

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Transmission and Storage System in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 9374-9383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Zimmerle ◽  
Laurie L. Williams ◽  
Timothy L. Vaughn ◽  
Casey Quinn ◽  
R. Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Leak and Loss Audits of Natural Gas Compressor Stations and Storage Facilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 8132-8138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek R. Johnson ◽  
April N. Covington ◽  
Nigel N. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

scholarly journals Assessing urban methane emissions using column-observing portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and a novel Bayesian inversion framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 13131-13147
Author(s):  
Taylor S. Jones ◽  
Jonathan E. Franklin ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Florian Dietrich ◽  
Kristian D. Hajny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Bayesian Inversion ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Cities represent a large and concentrated portion of global greenhouse gas emissions, including methane. Quantifying methane emissions from urban areas is difficult, and inventories made using bottom-up accounting methods often differ greatly from top-down estimates generated from atmospheric observations. Emissions from leaks in natural gas infrastructure are difficult to predict and are therefore poorly constrained in bottom-up inventories. Natural gas infrastructure leaks and emissions from end uses can be spread throughout the city, and this diffuse source can represent a significant fraction of a city's total emissions. We investigated diffuse methane emissions of the city of Indianapolis, USA, during a field campaign in May 2016. A network of five portable solar-tracking Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers was deployed throughout the city. These instruments measure the mole fraction of methane in a total column of air, giving them sensitivity to larger areas of the city than in situ sensors at the surface. We present an innovative inversion method to link these total column concentrations to surface fluxes. This method combines a Lagrangian transport model with a Bayesian inversion framework to estimate surface emissions and their uncertainties, together with determining the concentrations of methane in the air flowing into the city. Variations exceeding 10 ppb were observed in the inflowing air on a typical day, which is somewhat larger than the enhancements due to urban emissions (<5 ppb downwind of the city). We found diffuse methane emissions of 73(±22) mol s−1, which is about 50 % of the urban total and 68 % higher than estimated from bottom-up methods, although it is somewhat smaller than estimates from studies using tower and aircraft observations. The measurement and model techniques developed here address many of the challenges present when quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions and will help in the design of future measurement schemes in other cities.

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