scholarly journals Molecular detection of Methylotrophs from an Indian landfill site and their potential for biofuel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
In Situ Bioremediation

Emission of CH4 from landfills is a major cause of concern as CH4 is twenty four times more potent than CO2, as a greenhouse gas. However, landfills also harbor a group of bacteria called methanotrophs, which can oxidize CH4. They can be used for in situ bioremediation to reduce methane emissions. They can also be used for production of methanol or renewable diesel, utilizing methane in natural gas or biogas. Methanotrophs are a subgroup of methylotrophs. We used molecular techniques for detection of methylotrophs in samples from a landfill in New Delhi. We could detect five methylotrophs. Isolation and efficiency in methanotrophy of these bacteria is undergoing now.

Methane Emissions Reduction in Liquefied Natural Gas Off-Loading Process in Refueling Stations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sharafian ◽  
Paul Blomerus ◽  
Walter Mérida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Pressure Buildup ◽  
Tanker Truck ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent research into methane emissions from the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain has revealed uncertainty in the overall greenhouse gas emissions reduction associated with the use of LNG in heavy-duty vehicles. Methane is the main component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. This study investigates the impact of five methods used to offload LNG from a tanker truck to an LNG refueling station and estimate the amount of fugitive methane emissions. The LNG offloading process time, and the final pressures of the tanker truck and refueling station are considered to evaluate the performance of the LNG offloading methods. The modeling results show that the LNG transfer by using a pressure buildup unit has a limited operating range and can increase methane emissions by 10.4% of LNG offloaded from the tanker truck. The results indicate that the LNG transfer by using a pump and an auxiliary pressure buildup unit without vapor return provides the shortest fuel offloading time with the lowest risk of venting methane to the atmosphere.

In Situ Bioremediation of a Former Natural Gas Dehydrator Site Using Bioventing/Biosparging

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Shamory ◽  
Alonzo Wm. Lawrence ◽  
Daniel L. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey A. Miller ◽  
Robin L. Weightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
In Situ Bioremediation

scholarly journals Declining methane emissions and steady, high leakage rates observed over multiple years in a western US oil/gas production basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Lin ◽  
Ryan Bares ◽  
Benjamin Fasoli ◽  
Maria Garcia ◽  
Erik Crosman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
The U.S

AbstractMethane, a potent greenhouse gas, is the main component of natural gas. Previous research has identified considerable methane emissions associated with oil and gas production, but estimates of emission trends have been inconsistent, in part due to limited in-situ methane observations spanning multiple years in oil/gas production regions. Here we present a unique analysis of one of the longest-running datasets of in-situ methane observations from an oil/gas production region in Utah’s Uinta Basin. The observations indicate Uinta methane emissions approximately halved between 2015 and 2020, along with declining gas production. As a percentage of gas production, however, emissions remained steady over the same years, at ~ 6–8%, among the highest in the U.S. Addressing methane leaks and recovering more of the economically valuable natural gas is critical, as the U.S. seeks to address climate change through aggressive greenhouse emission reductions.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Inventories Underestimate Methane Emissions

Eos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sidder
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories

A new study in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area reveals prior estimates may significantly underrepresent methane emissions, particularly from landfills and natural gas systems.

scholarly journals Overview of the new regulatory base for 2019–2020 on the decarbonisation of economy and its influence on the conditions of functconing of the ukrainian gas industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
I.Ch. Leshchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Reporting And Verification ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the new Ukrainian and European regulatory framework for 2019-2020 concerning the decarburization of economy of the functioning of Ukrainian gas industry. The paper provides an overview of the Ukrainian regulatory framework of 2019–2020 on the implementation of the system of monitoring, reporting, and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in our country. We also provide an overview of new European documents on the decarbonisation of economy, in particular, the European Green Deal, the EU Strategy for Reducing Methane Emissions, and the Hydrogen Strategy for Climate-Neutral Europe. We showed that these EU documents will exert a significant influence on the functioning of both the energy sector of our country as a whole and its part – gas industry. The paper shows that, under the existing plans of the development of energy sector in European countries in order to reach the state where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 and under conditions of fierce competition for sources and routes of gas supply to the European market, the most pressing problem confronting the gas transportation system of Ukraine is to optimize its structure with simultaneous replacement of outdated compressor equipment by modern one with lower carbon dioxide emissions, which will require a significant amount of investment. Under such conditions, it is necessary to study carefully the feasibility of introducing activities for the main transportation of gas under the action of Greenhouse Gas Trading System. We also showed that the reduction of methane emissions along the natural gas chain supply in accordance with the EU Strategy for the reduction of methane emissions is extremely important for Ukraine. In addition to the implementation of measures for reducing these emissions, it is necessary to attract attention to the development of national methods for estimating methane emissions and the use of national coefficients in the formation of the National Greenhouse gas emissions inventory for estimating volatile emissions from natural gas activities. Keywords: monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions, Greenhouse Gas Trading System, decarbonisation, European Green Deal, gas transportation system

scholarly journals Daily Satellite Observations of Methane from Oil and Gas Production Regions in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieternel Levelt ◽  
Pepijn Veefkind ◽  
Esther Roosenbrand ◽  
John Lin ◽  
Jochen Landgraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

<p>Production of oil and natural gas in North America is at an all-time high due to the development and use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Methane emissions associated with this industrial activity are a concern because of the contribution to climate radiative forcing. We present new measurements from the space-based TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) launched in 2017 that show methane enhancements over production regions in the United States. Using methane and NO<sub>2</sub> column measurements from the new TROPOMI instrument, we show that emissions from oil and gas production in the Uintah and Permian Basins can be observed in the data from individual overpasses. This is a vast improvement over measurements from previous satellite instruments, which typically needed to be averaged over a year or more to quantify trends and regional enhancements in methane emissions. In the Uintah Basin in Utah, TROPOMI methane columns correlated with in-situ measurements, and the highest columns were observed over the deepest parts of the basin, consistent with the accumulation of emissions underneath inversions. In the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico, methane columns showed maxima over regions with the highest natural gas production and were correlated with nitrogen-dioxide columns at a ratio that is consistent with results from in-situ airborne measurements. The improved detail provided by TROPOMI will likely enable the timely monitoring from space of methane and NO2 emissions associated with regular oil and natural gas production.</p>

scholarly journals Emissions from natural gas and oil operations: The airborne METHANE-To-Go field campaign in the Persian/Arabian Gulf region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Huntrieser ◽  
Anke Roiger ◽  
Daniel Sauer ◽  
Hans Schlager ◽  
Mariano Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Arabian Gulf Region

<p>About 60% of global methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions are due to human activities. Since the Paris Agreement was signed in 2016, an increasing effort has been devoted to accelerate the greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation. Afore in 2014, the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) formed, which is an international industry-led organization including 13 member companies from the oil and gas industry, representing 1/3 of the global operated oil and gas production. The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) funded project METHANE-To-Go aims to focus on trace gas emissions from the natural gas and oil operations in the Persian/Arabian Gulf region, a wealthy region which contains about 50% of the world´s oil reserves. The project is coordinated by the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) and envisages to carry out airborne in-situ measurements with the German Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Falcon-20 in autumn 2020 in cooperation with local OGCI partners.</p><p>The flaring, venting and combustion processes produce large amounts of CH<sub>4</sub>, a greenhouse gas that is ~84 times more potent than CO<sub>2</sub> (measured over a 20-year period) and in focus of current mitigation strategies trying to reduce global warming. However, there is a huge lack of detailed CH<sub>4</sub> measurements worldwide and especially from the Gulf region. The contribution from this region to the global CH<sub>4</sub> mass balance is presently unknown. Furthermore, recently a first global satellite-derived SO<sub>2</sub> emissions inventory was established based on measurements with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the NASA Aura satellite showing a number of SO<sub>2</sub> hot spots in the Persian/Arabian Gulf region. The Middle East region was high-lighted as the region with the most missing SO<sub>2</sub> sources compared to reported sources in the global emission inventories. The petroleum industry operations are mainly responsible for these emissions, since high amounts of H<sub>2</sub>S are trapped in oil and gas deposits and released during extraction. In recent years, the air quality in this region has worsened dramatically and concurrently global warming is especially strong.  </p><p>The DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics plan the performance of airborne in-situ measurements to probe the isolated, outstanding emission plumes from the different CH<sub>4</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> sources in the southern part of the Gulf region as mentioned above. A novel dual Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) instrument based on laser absorption spectroscopy will be deployed to measure CH<sub>4</sub> and CO, and related trace gases as CO<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, which can be used to distinguish between different CH<sub>4</sub> sources (flaring, venting and combustion). An ion-trap chemical ionization mass spectrometer (IT-CIMS) is foreseen for the measurements of SO<sub>2</sub>. Both instruments operate with a high precision/accuracy and a temporal resolution of 0.5 to 1s, which covers a horizontal distance of roughly 50-200 m during the flight. Measurements of further trace species are also foreseen (e.g. NO, NO<sub>y</sub>, and aerosols) and simulations with particle dispersion models for flight planning and post analyses (HYSPLIT and the EMAC related model MECO(n)). Furthermore, satellite validation is envisaged with the TROPOMI instrument on Sentinel-5P (focus on CH<sub>4</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>).</p>

scholarly journals Assessing urban methane emissions using column-observing portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and a novel Bayesian inversion framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 13131-13147
Author(s):  
Taylor S. Jones ◽  
Jonathan E. Franklin ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Florian Dietrich ◽  
Kristian D. Hajny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Bayesian Inversion ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Cities represent a large and concentrated portion of global greenhouse gas emissions, including methane. Quantifying methane emissions from urban areas is difficult, and inventories made using bottom-up accounting methods often differ greatly from top-down estimates generated from atmospheric observations. Emissions from leaks in natural gas infrastructure are difficult to predict and are therefore poorly constrained in bottom-up inventories. Natural gas infrastructure leaks and emissions from end uses can be spread throughout the city, and this diffuse source can represent a significant fraction of a city's total emissions. We investigated diffuse methane emissions of the city of Indianapolis, USA, during a field campaign in May 2016. A network of five portable solar-tracking Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers was deployed throughout the city. These instruments measure the mole fraction of methane in a total column of air, giving them sensitivity to larger areas of the city than in situ sensors at the surface. We present an innovative inversion method to link these total column concentrations to surface fluxes. This method combines a Lagrangian transport model with a Bayesian inversion framework to estimate surface emissions and their uncertainties, together with determining the concentrations of methane in the air flowing into the city. Variations exceeding 10 ppb were observed in the inflowing air on a typical day, which is somewhat larger than the enhancements due to urban emissions (<5 ppb downwind of the city). We found diffuse methane emissions of 73(±22) mol s−1, which is about 50 % of the urban total and 68 % higher than estimated from bottom-up methods, although it is somewhat smaller than estimates from studies using tower and aircraft observations. The measurement and model techniques developed here address many of the challenges present when quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions and will help in the design of future measurement schemes in other cities.

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