scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Leak and Loss Audits of Natural Gas Compressor Stations and Storage Facilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 8132-8138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek R. Johnson ◽  
April N. Covington ◽  
Nigel N. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

Potential Reduction of Fugitive Methane Emissions at Compressor Stations and Storage Facilities Powered by Natural Gas Engines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Johnson ◽  
April Covington
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Crankcase Ventilation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

The American Gas Association (AGA) and the United States (US) Energy Information Administration (EIA) report that natural gas reserves, production, and consumption are increasing. Current estimates show over 100 years worth of recoverable reserves. As production increases, the natural gas pipeline interstate will grow or at least experience increased throughput. With the industry expanding at rapid rates and the high global warming potential of methane (21 over a 100 year period), it is important to identify potential sources for reductions in fugitive methane emissions. This research group conducted leak and loss audits at five natural gas compressor station and storage facilities. The majority of methane losses were associated with the operation of the lean-burn, natural gas engines (open crankcases, exhaust), compressor seal vents, and open liquid storage tanks. This paper focuses on the potential reduction in fugitive methane emissions of the discovered industry weaknesses through application of various proven technologies. As engines are not perfectly sealed, blow-by of intake air, fuel, and combustion gases occurs past the piston rings. In order to prevent a build-up of pressure within the crankcase, it must be vented. Diesel engines have lower hydrocarbon emissions from their crankcases due to the short duration of fuel addition after compression of the intake charge. Lean-burn, natural gas engines, like conventional gasoline engines, compress both the fuel and intake air during the compression stroke. During the 1960s, many passenger vehicles adopted positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) or closed crankcase ventilation (CCV) systems to reduce significantly hydrocarbon emissions from engines. Currently, some heavy-duty on-road engines still have open crankcase systems and most off-road engines have crankcases simply vented to the atmosphere. In this paper, researchers will examine the potential reduction in methane emissions that could be realized with the installation of retrofitted CCV systems at these locations. In addition to the reduction of methane losses from the crankcase, it is realized that with proper plumbing, flow control, and safety parameters, all of the losses typically vented to atmosphere could be ducted into the engine intake for combustion. Preliminary results show that applications of closed crankcase systems could reduce emissions from these sites by 1–11% while modifying these systems to include the losses from compressor seal vents and storage tanks could yield potential reductions in methane emissions by 10–57%.

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Transmission and Storage System in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 9374-9383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Zimmerle ◽  
Laurie L. Williams ◽  
Timothy L. Vaughn ◽  
Casey Quinn ◽  
R. Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Compressor Stations in the Transmission and Storage Sector: Measurements and Comparisons with the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Protocol

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 3252-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Subramanian ◽  
Laurie L. Williams ◽  
Timothy L. Vaughn ◽  
Daniel Zimmerle ◽  
Joseph R. Roscioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Process Equipment at Natural Gas Production Sites in the United States: Liquid Unloadings

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Allen ◽  
David W. Sullivan ◽  
Daniel Zavala-Araiza ◽  
Adam P. Pacsi ◽  
Matthew Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Natural Gas Production

Opportunities and Challenges in Converting Existing Natural Gas Infrastructure for Hydrogen Operation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adam
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Storage Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Hydrogen holds enormous potential in helping the world achieve its decarbonization goals and is set to play a key role in the Energy Transition. However, two central building blocks are needed to make the hydrogen economy a reality: 1) a sufficient source of emissions-free (i.e., blue or green) hydrogen production and 2) a needs-based transportation and storage network that can reliably and cost-effectively supply hydrogen to end-users. Given the high costs associated with developing new transportation infrastructure, many governments, pipeline operators, and regulatory bodies have begun exploring if it is both possible and economical to convert existing natural gas (i.e., methane) infrastructure for hydrogen operation. This paper outlines opportunities and technical challenges associated with such an endeavor – with a particular focus on adaptation requirements for rotating equipment/compressor drive trains and metallurgical and integrity considerations for pipelines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document