Tail Components of T2 Bacteriophage. I. Properties of the Isolated Contractile Tail Sheath*

Biochemistry ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilima Sarkar ◽  
Satyapriya Sarkar ◽  
L. M. Kozloff
Keyword(s):  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Contractile Tail

scholarly journals Structural Analysis of Jumbo Coliphage phAPEC6

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Wagemans ◽  
Jessica Tsonos ◽  
Dominique Holtappels ◽  
Kiandro Fortuna ◽  
Jean-Pierre Hernalsteens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Contractile Tail ◽  
Phage Capsid

The phAPEC6 genome encodes 551 predicted gene products, with the vast majority (83%) of unknown function. Of these, 62 have been identified as virion-associated proteins by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), including the major capsid protein (Gp225; present in 1620 copies), which shows a HK97 capsid protein-based fold. Cryo-electron microscopy experiments showed that the 350-kbp DNA molecule of Escherichia coli virus phAPEC6 is packaged in at least 15 concentric layers in the phage capsid. A capsid inner body rod is also present, measuring about 91 nm by 18 nm and oriented along the portal axis. In the phAPEC6 contractile tail, 25 hexameric stacked rings can be distinguished, built of the identified tail sheath protein (Gp277). Cryo-EM reconstruction reveals the base of the unique hairy fibers observed during an initial transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. These very unusual filaments are ordered at three annular positions along the contractile sheath, as well as around the capsid, and may be involved in host interaction.

Contractile tail sheath protein of bacterio-phage T4.

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Fumio ARISAKA
Keyword(s):  
Phage T4 ◽  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Contractile Tail

Characterization of bacteriophage CP1, an organic solvent sensitive phage associated with Pseudomonas cepacia

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1404-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Cihlar ◽  
T. G. Lessie ◽  
S. C. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽  
Host Restriction ◽  
Sedimentation Behavior ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Contractile Tail

Pseudomonas cepacia strain 249 has been found to harbor an organic solvent sensitive phage, CP1, which is active on other P. cepacia strains. The efficiency of plating of CP1 was dependent upon the strain on which it was propagated and the strain used as indicator, implying the operation of host restriction and modification systems in certain of the strains. Strain 383 which was used routinely for propagation of CP1 appears to lack such systems. To obtain high-titer lysates it was important to add EDTA to the infected cultures at the onset of lysis to block attachment of phage particles to cell debris. CP1 possesses a distinct head (55 nm in diameter) and a broad contractile tail (15 × 145 nm). Fluorescent staining of phage preparations with acridine orange indicated that CP1 contains double-stranded DNA. CP1 particles contained about 5 × 10−17 g each of protein and DNA for a total particle weight of 10−16 g. The apparent molecular weight of CP1 DNA estimated from its sedimentation behavior and the particle content of DNA was about 3 × 107. Thermal-denaturation studies indicated that the G + C content of CP1 DNA (65%) was lower than that of DNA of its P. cepacia host (71% G + C). The mechanism of inactivation of CP1 by chloroform appears to be related to tail contraction caused by this agent. An atypical reverse contraction of the tail sheath was noted in about 45% of the inactivated particles. No phospholipid was detected in purified preparations of CP1 (<4 × 10−19 g/PFU). The results suggest that inactivation of CP1 by organic solvents involves alteration of a component (presumably a protein) of the phage tail.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Major Head and Tail Genes of the Wide-Ranging T4-Type Bacteriophages

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Tétart ◽  
Carine Desplats ◽  
Mzia Kutateladze ◽  
Caroline Monod ◽  
Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Genome Length ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Contractile Tail ◽  
Icosahedral Head

ABSTRACT We examined a number of bacteriophages with T4-type morphology that propagate in different genera of enterobacteria,Aeromonas, Burkholderia, andVibrio. Most of these phages had a prolate icosahedral head, a contractile tail, and a genome size that was similar to that of T4. A few of them had more elongated heads and larger genomes. All these phages are phylogenetically related, since they each had sequences homologous to the capsid gene (gene23), tail sheath gene (gene 18), and tail tube gene (gene 19) of T4. On the basis of the sequence comparison of their virion genes, the T4-type phages can be classified into three subgroups with increasing divergence from T4: the T-evens, pseudoT-evens, and schizoT-evens. In general, the phages that infect closely related host species have virion genes that are phylogenetically closer to each other than those of phages that infect distantly related hosts. However, some of the phages appear to be chimeras, indicating that, at least occasionally, some genetic shuffling has occurred between the different T4-type subgroups. The compilation of a number of gene 23 sequences reveals a pattern of conserved motifs separated by sequences that differ in the T4-type subgroups. Such variable patches in the gene 23sequences may determine the size of the virion head and consequently the viral genome length. This sequence analysis provides molecular evidence that phages related to T4 are widespread in the biosphere and diverged from a common ancestor in acquiring the ability to infect different host bacteria and to occupy new ecological niches.

Ultrastructures of Bacteriophages Active Against Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus lactis and Lactobacillus helveticus1

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. REINBOLD ◽  
M. S. REDDY ◽  
E. G. HAMMOND
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Tungstic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
Contractile Tail ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis ◽  
Phospho Tungstic Acid

Several strains of phages active against Streptococcus thermophilus and species of Lactobacillus were examined with an electron microscope after negative staining with phospho-tungstic acid or uranyl acetate. S. thermophilus bacteriophage exhibited exceptionally long tails (polytails). The width and structure of the polytail was the same as a normal phage tail, 10 nm, but was 2 to 4 times longer, 480–960 nm. Preparations revealed extensive adsorption of S. thermophilus bacteriophage to broken bacterial cell walls. One strain of S. thermophilus phage had a spherical structure at the posterior end of its tail. The bacteriophages of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus helveticus had a distinct contractile tail sheath, whereas Lactobacillus lactis phage did not.

Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of Some Aeromonas salmonicida Bacteriophages

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Paterson ◽  
R. J. Douglas ◽  
I. Grinyer ◽  
L. A. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Contractile Tail

Bacteriophages for Aeromonas salmonicida were isolated from water and mud samples taken from 13 of 19 trout hatcheries and ponds examined in southern Ontario. Nine of the 13 locations were known to have histories of furunculosis disease. The bacteriophages studied formed three serological groups and two distinct morphological types. Phages of serological groups I and II possessed similar morphology; those of group III resembled the coli T-even phages. All possessed complex symmetry consisting of a head and tail with a contractile tail sheath. Latent periods of the phages ranged from 35 to 95 min and average burst sizes from 21 to 193. A group I phage and a group III phage had [Formula: see text] values of 351 and 1000, respectively.

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