Synchrotron-based X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy in Conjunction with Nanoindentation to Study Molecular-Scale Interactions of Phenol–Formaldehyde in Wood Cell Walls

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 6584-6589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Jakes ◽  
Christopher G. Hunt ◽  
Daniel J. Yelle ◽  
Linda Lorenz ◽  
Kolby Hirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scale Interactions ◽  
Molecular Scale

In situ identification of the molecular-scale interactions of phenol-formaldehyde resin and wood cell walls using infrared nanospectroscopy

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (80) ◽  
pp. 76318-76324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhou Wang ◽  
Yuhe Deng ◽  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Kevin Kjoller ◽  
Anirban Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Molecular Scale

Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) measurement, and nanoindentation were combined to identify the interactions between wood cell wall and phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) on the nanoscale.

Scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy and principal component analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752-1753
Author(s):  
Brian Cross
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Speed Up

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.

scholarly journals X-ray fluorescence microscopy scanning of Drosophila oocytes and eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100247
Author(s):  
Qinan Hu ◽  
Olga A. Antipova ◽  
Thomas V. O’Halloran ◽  
Mariana F. Wolfner
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Visualising Silicon in Plants: Histochemistry, Silica Sculptures and Elemental Imaging

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gea Guerriero ◽  
Ian Stokes ◽  
Nathalie Valle ◽  
Jean-Francois Hausman ◽  
Christopher Exley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
General Improvement

Silicon is a non-essential element for plants and is available in biota as silicic acid. Its presence has been associated with a general improvement of plant vigour and response to exogenous stresses. Plants accumulate silicon in their tissues as amorphous silica and cell walls are preferential sites. While several papers have been published on the mitigatory effects that silicon has on plants under stress, there has been less research on imaging silicon in plant tissues. Imaging offers important complementary results to molecular data, since it provides spatial information. Herein, the focus is on histochemistry coupled to optical microscopy, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy of microwave acid extracted plant silica, techniques based on particle-induced X-ray emission, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging (NanoSIMS). Sample preparation procedures will not be discussed in detail, as several reviews have already treated this subject extensively. We focus instead on the information that each technique provides by offering, for each imaging approach, examples from both silicifiers (giant horsetail and rice) and non-accumulators (Cannabis sativa L.).

Combining in-cell NMR and X-ray fluorescence microscopy to reveal the intracellular maturation states of human superoxide dismutase 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Luchinat ◽  
A. Gianoncelli ◽  
T. Mello ◽  
A. Galli ◽  
L. Banci
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase 1 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Fluorescence ◽  
Human Sod1

Combined in-cell NMR spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and optical fluorescence microscopies allow describing the intracellular maturation states of human SOD1.

Non-cellulosic structural polysaccharides in algal cell walls I. Xylan in siphoneous green algae

1964 ◽  
Vol 160 (980) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Repeat Distance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Face View ◽  
Half Turn ◽  
Parallel Arrays

The cell walls of a number of marine algae, namely species of Bryopsis, Caulerpa, Udotea, Halimeda and Penicillus and of one freshwater alga, Dichotomosiphon , are examined using both chemical and physical techniques. It is shown that, with the possible exception of Bryopsis , cellulose is completely absent and that the walls contain instead β -l,3-linked xylan as the structural polysaccharide. Bryopsis contains, in addition, a glucan which is most abundant in the outer layers of the wall and which stains like cellulose. The xylan is microfibrillar but the microfibrils are more strongly adherent than they are in cellulose, and in some species appear in the electron microscope to be joined by short crossed rod-like bodies. The orientation of the microfibrils is found to vary, ranging from a net tendency to transverse orientation through complete randomness to almost perfect longitudinal alinement. The microfibrils are negatively birefringent, so that all walls seen in optical section, and all parallel arrays of microfibrils whether in face view or in section (except strictly transverse section) are negatively birefringent. With Bryopsis , the negative birefringence in face view is overcompensated by the positive birefringence of the incrusting glucan so that the true birefringence of the crystalline polysaccharide is observed only after the glucan is removed. The X-ray diagram of parallel arrays of microfibrils as found, for instance, in Penicillus dumetosus shows that the xylan chains are helically coiled, in harmony with the negative birefringence. It is deduced that the microfibrils consist of hexagonally packed, double-stranded helices. The diameter of the helices increases with increasing relative humidity, as water is taken into the lattice, from 13.7 Å in material dried over phosphorus pentoxide to a maximum of 1.54 Å at 65 % relative humidity when the xylan contains 30 % of its weight as water. The repeat distance along the helix axis ranges from 5.85 Å (dry) to 6.06 Å (wet), the length of a half turn of each helix containing three xylose residues. The incrusting substances in these walls often include a glucan which is said also to be 1,3-linked. The significance of the extensive differences between this xylan and cellulose are examined both as regards some of the physical properties of the respective cell walls and in relation to the taxonomic position of these plants.

scholarly journals Nanoscale quantification of intracellular element concentration by X-ray fluorescence microscopy combined with X-ray phase contrast nanotomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 053701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Gramaccioni ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Alessandra Procopio ◽  
Alexandra Pacureanu ◽  
Sylvain Bohic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
X Ray
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