Hydriodic Acid, 55%

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydriodic Acid

Distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary sulphur and sources of plant-available soil sulphur in irrigated pasture soil–plant systems treated with 35sulphur-labelled urine

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Nguyen ◽  
K. M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
S Model

SUMMARYA field plot experiment of 271 days duration was conducted on New Zealand irrigated pastures, commencing in the summer (January) 1988, on a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Ustochrept) by applying 35sulphur (35S)-labelled urine (250 μCi/g S with 1300 μg S/ml) to field plots (600 × 600 mm) at a rate equivalent to that normally occurring in sheep urine patches (150 ml/0·03 m2) to investigate the distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary S in pasture soil–plant systems and sources of plant-available soil S as influenced by the available soil moisture at the time of urine application and varying amounts of applied irrigation water. Results obtained showed that c. 55–90% of 35S-labelled urine was incorporated into soil sulphate (SO42−), ester SO42− and carbon (C)-bonded S fractions within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm), as early as 27 days after urine application. Hydriodic acid (Hl)-reducible and C-bonded soil S fractions showed no consistent trend of incorporation. On day 271, labelled-S was found in soil SO42−, Hl-reducible S and C-bonded S fractions to a soil depth of 500 mm, indicating that not only SO42− but also organic S fractions from soils and 35S-labelled urine were leached beyond the major rooting zone. A large proportion (c. 59–75%) of 35S-labelled urine was not recovered in pasture soil–plant systems over a 271-day period, presumably due to leaching losses beyond the 0–300 mm soil depth. This estimated leaching loss was comparable to that (75%) predicted using the S model developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture. The recovery of urinary S in soil–plant systems over a 271-day period was not affected by different amounts of irrigation water applied 7 days after urine application to soil at either 50 or 75% available water holding capacity (AWHC). However, significantly lower S recovery occurred when urinary S was applied to the soil at 25% AWHC than at field capacity, suggesting that urinary S applied at field capacity might not have sufficient time to be adsorbed by soil particles, enter soil micropores or be immobilized by soil micro-organisms. Both soil ester SO42− and calcium phosphate-extractable soil S in urine-treated soils were found to be major S sources for pasture S uptake. Labelled S from 35S-labelled urine accounted for c. 12–47% of total S in pasture herbage.

Reaction of Dibenzoylethylene with Hydriodic Acid

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Fred H. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Hydriodic Acid

6. On the Action of Hydriodic Acid on Mandelic Acid

1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Alex. Crum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mandelic Acid ◽  
Hydriodic Acid

The relation of mandelic acid to benzoic aldehyd is so precisely the same as that of lactic acid to acetic aldehyd, that whatever constitution we assume for the latter acid, a similar one must be ascribed to the former.The researches of Kolbe and Lautemann, and of Wislicenus, prove that lactic acid is oxypropionic acid. Mandelic acid must therefore be oxytoluic acid, and, indeed, it has been so formulated by Kolbe in his work on Organic Chemistry.

scholarly journals II. Contributions towards the history of thiobenzamide

1870 ◽  
Vol 18 (114-122) ◽  
pp. 499-502
Keyword(s):  
Pure State ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Free Iodine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Starch Paste ◽  
Sulphuretted Hydrogen

When a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen is passed through a solution of benzonitrile in alcoholic ammonia, the liquid, after the lapse of a few hours, deposits fine yellow needles, which are the thiobenzamide, C 7 H 7 NS = C 7 H 5 S} N H} N H} N, discovered by M. Cahours. It can be obtained in a pure state by recrystallization from boiling water. When a cold saturated alcoholic solution of this body is mixed with an alcoholic solution of iodine, the latter is immediately decolorized with separation of sulphur. If the addition of iodine solution be continued until even after a short boiling free iodine remains, which can readily be detected by starch-paste, the solution filtered from the sulphur, and poured into water, solidifies to a mass of white interlaced needles, which can readily be freed from adhering hydriodic acid by washing with cold water.

The Reactions of Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic Acids with Water and with Hydriodic Acid

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. S. Smith ◽  
Husni R. Alul ◽  
Reuben L. Baumgarten
Keyword(s):  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acids

scholarly journals VII. Researches into the chemical constitution of narcotine and of its products of decomposition.—Part II

1868 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Salt ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
Dark Blue

In this memoir the following reactions have been studied:— 1. The Action of Hydrochloric and Acids on Opianic Acid . When strong hydrochloric or hydriodic acid acts at 100° for some time on opianic acid, iodide or chloride of methyl is evolved and a new acid formed, C 10 H 10 O 5 + HCl= C 9 H 8 O 5 + CH 3 Cl. We propose to call this acid methyl nor-opianic acid, as it stands intermediate between opianic acid and the normal opianic acid:— Normal opianic acid ....... C 8 H 6 O 5 Methyl nor-opianic acid ..... C 9 H 8 O 5 Opianic acid or dimethyl nor-opianic acid. C 10 H 10 O 5 The new acid is soluble in cold water, but much more so in hot, from which it crystallizes on cooling with 2½ molecules of water. Like hypogallic acid it strikes a dark blue with sesquichloride of iron; but on addition of ammonia in excess, alight-red solution is produced, differing, therefore, from the hypogallic-aeid blue, with which ammonia becomes bloodred. From the analysis of the silver-salt it appears that methyl noropianic acid is monobasic.

scholarly journals III. Researches into the chemical constitution of the opium bases. Part I.—On the action of hydrochloric acid on morphia

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
Steam Drying

It has been shown that when narcotine is heated with an excess of concentrated hydrochloric or hydriodic acid, one, two, or three molecules of methyl are successively eliminated, and a series of new bases homologous with narcotine obtained. It appeared interesting to see if any similar reactions took place with morphia; and for this purpose a quantity of that base, in a perfectly pure state, kindly furnished by Messrs. M‘Farlane, of Edinburgh, was submitted to experiment. The purity of the substance was shown by the following analysis. It was found that although crystallized morphia does not lose its water of crystallization in an ordinary steam drying-closet ( i. e . slightly below 100°), yet it readily loses the whole when placed in a Liebig’s drying-tube immersed in boiling water, dry air being aspirated over it.

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