scholarly journals Isothermal Environmental Heat Energy Utilization by Transmembrane Electrostatically Localized Protons at the Liquid–Membrane Interface

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
pp. 17385-17395 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Weifu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Membrane Interface ◽  
Localized Protons

scholarly journals Mitochondrial energetics with transmembrane electrostatically localized protons: do we have a thermotrophic feature?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Weifu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Proton Motive Force ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Membrane Interface ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Localized Protons

AbstractTransmembrane electrostatically localized protons (TELP) theory has been recently recognized as an important addition over the classic Mitchell’s chemiosmosis; thus, the proton motive force (pmf) is largely contributed from TELP near the membrane. As an extension to this theory, a novel phenomenon of mitochondrial thermotrophic function is now characterized by biophysical analyses of pmf in relation to the TELP concentrations at the liquid-membrane interface. This leads to the conclusion that the oxidative phosphorylation also utilizes environmental heat energy associated with the thermal kinetic energy (kBT) of TELP in mitochondria. The local pmf is now calculated to be in a range from 300 to 340 mV while the classic pmf (which underestimates the total pmf) is in a range from 60 to 210 mV in relation to a range of membrane potentials from 50 to 200 mV. Depending on TELP concentrations in mitochondria, this thermotrophic function raises pmf significantly by a factor of 2.6 to sixfold over the classic pmf. Therefore, mitochondria are capable of effectively utilizing the environmental heat energy with TELP for the synthesis of ATP, i.e., it can lock heat energy into the chemical form of energy for cellular functions.

scholarly journals Energy Renewal: Isothermal Utilization of Environmental Heat Energy with Asymmetric Structures

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
James Weifu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Gibbs Free Energy ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Type B ◽  
Asymmetric Structures ◽  
Localized Protons

Through the research presented herein, it is quite clear that there are two thermodynamically distinct types (A and B) of energetic processes naturally occurring on Earth. Type A, such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, apparently follows the second law well; Type B, as exemplified by the thermotrophic function with transmembrane electrostatically localized protons presented here, does not necessarily have to be constrained by the second law, owing to its special asymmetric function. This study now, for the first time, numerically shows that transmembrane electrostatic proton localization (Type-B process) represents a negative entropy event with a local protonic entropy change (ΔSL) in a range from −95 to −110 J/K∙mol. This explains the relationship between both the local protonic entropy change (ΔSL) and the mitochondrial environmental temperature (T) and the local protonic Gibbs free energy (ΔGL=TΔSL) in isothermal environmental heat utilization. The energy efficiency for the utilization of total protonic Gibbs free energy (ΔGT including ΔGL=TΔSL) in driving the synthesis of ATP is estimated to be about 60%, indicating that a significant fraction of the environmental heat energy associated with the thermal motion kinetic energy (kBT) of transmembrane electrostatically localized protons is locked into the chemical form of energy in ATP molecules. Fundamentally, it is the combination of water as a protonic conductor, and thus the formation of protonic membrane capacitor, with asymmetric structures of mitochondrial membrane and cristae that makes this amazing thermotrophic feature possible. The discovery of energy Type-B processes has inspired an invention (WO 2019/136037 A1) for energy renewal through isothermal environmental heat energy utilization with an asymmetric electron-gated function to generate electricity, which has the potential to power electronic devices forever, including mobile phones and laptops. This invention, as an innovative Type-B mimic, may have many possible industrial applications and is likely to be transformative in energy science and technologies for sustainability on Earth.

scholarly journals Waste heat energy utilization in refrigeration and air-conditioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar Singh ◽  
Saif Nawaz Ahmad ◽  
Neeraj Priyadarshi ◽  
Md Obaidur Rahman ◽  
A K Bhoi
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization

A Study on the Optimal Configuration Based on Heat Energy Utilization of Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas in Fine Phosphorous Chemical Enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2721-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Qing Liu ◽  
Shi Bin Xia ◽  
Zhong Li Cai ◽  
Da Yin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Optimal Configuration ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Yellow Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Technical Measures

By analyzing the feasibility of comprehensive utilization method of yellow phosphorus tail gas after desulfurized, the author of this article found only the method of heat energy utilization is technically more mature, practical and feasible. Taking a chemical plant in some Chemical co., LTD in Hubei for example, this article demonstrates that the complete and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorus tail gas could be achieved once various technical measures are planned as a whole and their configuration are optimized. The technical measures include replacing coal-fired boiler, using as polymerization heat source in fine phosphate production, stoving the materials of yellow phosphorus and burning chemical products and so on. Finally, this article put forward principles and requirements of the optimal configuration based on heat energy utilization of yellow phosphorus tail gas in fine phosphorous chemical enterprises.

Transfer of heparin polyion across a polarized water/ionic liquid membrane interface

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 25-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Langmaier ◽  
Zdeněk Samec ◽  
Eva Samcová ◽  
Petr Tůma
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Interface

Research on heat energy utilization parameters of city reclaimed water

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yu ◽  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Yuanlin Zou ◽  
Hailiang Lin ◽  
Hao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization

scholarly journals Misfolding and Aggregation of Amyloid Proteins at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations at the Liquid-Membrane Interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 91a-92a
Author(s):  
Yuri L. Lyubchenko ◽  
Mohtadin Hashemi ◽  
Siddhartha Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Interface ◽  
Amyloid Proteins
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