scholarly journals Prevention of Corneal Myofibroblastic Differentiation In Vitro Using a Biomimetic ECM Hydrogel for Corneal Tissue Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibu Chameettachal ◽  
Deeksha Prasad ◽  
Yash Parekh ◽  
Sayan Basu ◽  
Vivek Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Myofibroblastic Differentiation

Decellularized bone extracellular matrix in skeletal tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Large Bone

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Complexes of Osteoinductive Agents for Dental Tissue Regeneration

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Masahiko Terauchi ◽  
Atsushi Tamura ◽  
Yoshinori Arisaka ◽  
Hiroki Masuda ◽  
Tetsuya Yoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inclusion Complexation ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs

Oral tissue regeneration has received growing attention for improving the quality of life of patients. Regeneration of oral tissues such as alveolar bone and widely defected bone has been extensively investigated, including regenerative treatment of oral tissues using therapeutic cells and growth factors. Additionally, small-molecule drugs that promote bone formation have been identified and tested as new regenerative treatment. However, treatments need to progress to realize successful regeneration of oral functions. In this review, we describe recent progress in development of regenerative treatment of oral tissues. In particular, we focus on cyclodextrin (CD)-based pharmaceutics and polyelectrolyte complexation of growth factors to enhance their solubility, stability, and bioactivity. CDs can encapsulate hydrophobic small-molecule drugs into their cavities, resulting in inclusion complexes. The inclusion complexation of osteoinductive small-molecule drugs improves solubility of the drugs in aqueous solutions and increases in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency. Additionally, various anionic polymers such as heparin and its mimetic polymers have been developed to improve stability and bioactivity of growth factors. These polymers protect growth factors from deactivation and degradation by complex formation through electrostatic interaction, leading to potentiation of bone formation ability. These approaches using an inclusion complex and polyelectrolyte complexes have great potential in the regeneration of oral tissues.

scholarly journals The Radiation-Induced Regenerative Response of Adult Tissue-Specific Stem Cells: Models and Signaling Pathways

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Paola Serrano Martinez ◽  
Lorena Giuranno ◽  
Marc Vooijs ◽  
Robert P. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiotherapy is involved in the treatment of many cancers, but damage induced to the surrounding normal tissue is often inevitable. Evidence suggests that the maintenance of homeostasis and regeneration of the normal tissue is driven by specific adult tissue stem/progenitor cells. These tasks involve the input from several signaling pathways. Irradiation also targets these stem/progenitor cells, triggering a cellular response aimed at achieving tissue regeneration. Here we discuss the currently used in vitro and in vivo models and the involved specific tissue stem/progenitor cell signaling pathways to study the response to irradiation. The combination of the use of complex in vitro models that offer high in vivo resemblance and lineage tracing models, which address organ complexity constitute potential tools for the study of the stem/progenitor cellular response post-irradiation. The Notch, Wnt, Hippo, Hedgehog, and autophagy signaling pathways have been found as crucial for driving stem/progenitor radiation-induced tissue regeneration. We review how these signaling pathways drive the response of solid tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells to radiotherapy and the used models to address this.

Development of Multilayered Chlorogenate-Peptide Based Biocomposite Scaffolds for Potential Applications in Ligament Tissue Engineering - An In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison T. Pajovich ◽  
Alexandra M. Brown ◽  
Andrew M. Smith ◽  
Sara K. Hurley ◽  
Jessica R. Dorilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Self Assembled

In this work, for the first time, chlorogenic acid, a natural phytochemical, was conjugated to a lactoferrin derived antimicrobial peptide sequence RRWQWRMKKLG to develop a self-assembled template. To mimic the components of extracellular matrix, we then incorporated Type I Collagen, followed by a sequence of aggrecan peptide (ATEGQVRVNSIYQDKVSL) onto the self-assembled templates for potential applications in ligament tissue regeneration. Mechanical properties and surface roughness were studied and the scaffolds displayed a Young’s Modulus of 169 MP and an average roughness of 72 nm respectively. Thermal phase changes were studied by DSC analysis. Results showed short endothermic peaks due to water loss and an exothermic peak due to crystallization of the scaffold caused by rearrangement of the components. Biodegradability studies indicated a percent weight loss of 27.5 % over a period of 37 days. Furthermore, the scaffolds were found to adhere to fibroblasts, the main cellular component of ligament tissue. The scaffolds promoted cell proliferation and displayed actin stress fibers indicative of cell motility and attachment. Collagen and proteoglycan synthesis were also promoted, demonstrating increased expression and deposition of collagen and proteoglycans. Additionally, the scaffolds exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermis bacteria, which is beneficial for minimizing biofilm formation if potentially used as implants. Thus, we have developed a novel biocomposite that may open new avenues to enhance ligament tissue regeneration.

Amniotic Stem Cell-Conditioned Media for the Treatment of Nerve and Muscle Pathology: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuweike Gwam ◽  
Ahmed Emara ◽  
Nequesha Mohamed ◽  
Noor Chughtai ◽  
Johannes Plate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Muscle and nerve tissue damage can elicit a significant loss of function and poses as a burden for patients and healthcare providers. Even for tissues, such as the peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle, that harbor significant regenerative capacity, innate regenerative processes often lead to less than optimal recovery and residual loss of function. The reasons for poor regeneration include significant cell damage secondary to oxidative stress, poor recruitment of resident stem cells, and an unfavorable microenvironment for tissue regeneration. Stem cell-based therapy was once thought as a potential therapy in tissue regeneration, due to its self-renewal and multipotent capabilities. Early advocates for cellular-based therapy pointed to the pluripotent nature of stem cells, thus eluding to its ability to differentiate into resident cells as the source of its regenerative capability. However, increasing evidence has revealed a lack of engraftment and differentiation of stem cells, thereby pointing to stem cell paracrine activity as being responsible for its regenerative potential. Stem cell-conditioned media houses biomolecular factors that portray significant regenerative potential. Amniotic-derived stem cell-conditioned media (AFS-CM) has been of particular interest because of its ease of allocation and in vitro culture. The purpose of this review is to report the results of studies that assess the role of AFS-CM for nerve and muscle conditions. In this review, we will cover the effects of AFS-CM on cellular pathways, genes, and protein expression for different nerve and muscle cell types.

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