Alkoxyl Side Chain Substituted Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione To Enhance Photovoltaic Performance with Low Steric Hindrance and High Dipole Moment

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 5788-5795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangqiang Zhu ◽  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Chuantao Gu ◽  
Dan Ouyang ◽  
Meng Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Side Chain

METABOLISM OF 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE-4-14C-17α-CAPROATE BY HOMOGENATES OF RAT LIVER AND HUMAN PLACENTA

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Wiener ◽  
Charles I. Lupa ◽  
E. Jürgen Plotz
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT 17α-hydroxyprogesterone-4-14C-17α-caproate (HPC), a long-acting progestational agent, was incubated with homogenates of rat liver and human placenta. The rat liver was found to reduce Ring A of HPC under anaerobic conditions to form allopregnane-3β,17α-diol-20-one-17α-caproate and pregnane-3β,17α-diol-20-one-17α-caproate, the allopregnane isomer being the major product. The caproic acid ester was neither removed nor altered during the incubation. Placental tissue did not attack HPC under conditions where the 20-ketone of progesterone was reduced. It is postulated that this absence of attack on the side chain is due to steric hindrance from the caproate ester, and that this may account for the prolonged action of HPC.

The Rates and Products of Addition of 4-Chlorobenzenesulfenyl Chloride to a Series of Side Chain Methyl Substituted Styrenes

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1807-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Schmid ◽  
Dennis G. Garratt
Keyword(s):  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Methyl Group

The rates of addition and the product compositions have been determined for the addition of 4-chlorobenzenesulfenyl chloride to a series of seven side chain methyl substituted styrenes in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane at 25°. Unlike the addition to the corresponding series of methylated ethylenes, the effect of the methyl groups is not cumulative. The effect of the methyl groups depends upon whether or not the β-methyl group is cis to the phenyl. When it is cis, the rate of addition is decreased compared to styrene and substitution of additional methyl groups has only a small effect on the rate of addition. In compounds lacking a cis-β-methyl group the rate of addition more closely resembles that for addition to the methylated ethylenes. Steric hindrance between the cis-methyl and phenyl groups is believed to be the cause of this difference in behavior between the ethylene and styrene series.

The Preparation and Properties of Some Cyclic β-Diketone Diimines

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Charles Moss ◽  
Frank Price Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Aliphatic Diamines

The condensation reaction between a series of aliphatic diamines and a series of five- and six-membered cyclic β-diketones to form Schiff bases was investigated. Mass spectral data show that reaction occurred on the side-chain carbonyl except where steric hindrance forced condensation to occur on the ring carbonyl. N.m.r. studies show that these Schiff bases exist primarily in the ketamine form in solution, irrespective of the solvent. I.r. data confirm this. The preparation of a number of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes from some of the ligands is also described.

Solubilizing Side Chain Engineering: Efficient Strategy to Improve the Photovoltaic Performance of Novel Benzodithiophene‐Based (X‐DADAD) n Conjugated Polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (22) ◽  
pp. 2000430
Author(s):  
Ilya E. Kuznetsov ◽  
Sergey L. Nikitenko ◽  
Petr M. Kuznetsov ◽  
Nadezhda N. Dremova ◽  
Pavel A. Troshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Efficient Strategy

scholarly journals Efficient polymer solar cells based on a new benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene derivative with fluorinated alkoxyphenyl side chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 3130-3135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Chen ◽  
Zhengkun Du ◽  
Liangliang Han ◽  
Manjun Xiao ◽  
Wenfei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Side Chain

A polymer (PBDTPF-DTBT) was designed and synthesized, which exhibited high photovoltaic performance with PCE = 7.02%.

Side-chain effect on the photovoltaic performance of conjugated polymers based on benzodifuran and benzodithiophene-4,8-dione

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
pp. 2001-2007
Author(s):  
Enfang He ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yueyue Gao ◽  
Fengyun Guo ◽  
Shiyong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fill Factor ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Solvent Additive

ABSTRACT:Two benzodifuran (BDF) polymers, PBDF-C and PBDF-S, with alkyl and alkylthio substituted thiophene side-chains and benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD) as the acceptor were designed and synthesized. Their optical, electrochemical properties and photovoltaic performances were systematically investigated. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) with a device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/Ca/Al were fabricated. The PBDF-C based device showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.01% after adding 1 vol% 1,8-diodooctane (DIO) as the solvent additive, and PBDF-S gave an enhanced PCE of 3.48% without any post-treatments. The enhancements were from the higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). The thermal- and solvent-treatment-free processing is more favourable for the large area roll-to-roll manufacturing or printing technology for PSCs.

Dipole Moment and Dielectric Relaxation of Some Aromatic Ethylenes and Butadienes

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Hanna ◽  
K. N. Abdel-Nour ◽  
J. E. Risk
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Relaxation Times

The dipole moment of 1,1-bis-p-chlorophenylethylene, 1,1-bis-p-bromophenylethylene, 1,1-bis-pmethoxy, -ethoxy, -isopropoxy-phenyl-ethylene, 1,1,4,4-tetrakis-p-methoxy, -ethoxy, isopropoxyphenylbuta- l,3dienes was measured and compared with the calculated value. The mesomeric moment was estimated and found to decrease in the case of the ethylenes with the increase in volume of the substituted group. For the butadienes, the mesomeric moments compensate each other.Investigations of the dielectric relaxation times of the ethylenes showed that the orientation of the -OCH3 group in the 1,1-bis-p-methoxy-phenylethylene is hindered to a large extent. The orientation of the -OC2H5 and -OC3H7 groups in the corresponding molecules are restricted due to steric hindrance

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