scholarly journals Star Diblock Copolymer Concentration Dictates the Degree of Dispersion of Carbon Black Particles in Nonpolar Media: Bridging Flocculation versus Steric Stabilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 3691-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Growney ◽  
Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk ◽  
Thibault Derouineau ◽  
Lee A. Fielding ◽  
Andrew J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Steric Stabilization ◽  
Bridging Flocculation ◽  
Copolymer Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion

Effects of copolymer concentration and chain length on the pH-responsive behavior of diblock copolymer micellar films

2006 ◽  
Vol 303 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Sakai ◽  
Emelyn G. Smith ◽  
Grant B. Webber ◽  
Erica J. Wanless ◽  
Vural Bütün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Copolymer Concentration ◽  
Responsive Behavior

scholarly journals Determination of Effective Particle Density for Sterically Stabilized Carbon Black Particles: Effect of Diblock Copolymer Stabilizer Composition

Langmuir ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (32) ◽  
pp. 8764-8773 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Growney ◽  
Patrick W. Fowler ◽  
Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk ◽  
Lee A. Fielding ◽  
Matthew J. Derry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Effective Particle

Dispersion of Carbon Black in Rubber: Revised Calculation Procedure

1961 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Medalia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Qualitative Estimation ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Abstract Carbon black, the most important reinforcing filler for rubber, must be well dispersed if it is to function effectively. The state of dispersion of the carbon black can be studied effectively by microscopic examination of a thin (2µ) section of the rubber compound, using transmitted light, as described by Tidmus and Parkinson. Under the microscope, agglomerates of undispersed carbon black are visible. These agglomerates, which may range in size up to 100µ or even larger, are sectioned more or less cleanly by the glass knife, and appear as black or dark brown islands in a light brown field. While this method was originally proposed for qualitative estimation of the degree of dispersion, a quantitative calculation was subsequently developed by Leigh-Dugmore, by means of which the percentage of carbon black dispersed below a certain size was calculated. This calculation has been helpful in permitting a quantitative comparison of stocks of widely different visual appearance. As experience has accumulated with the Leigh-Dugmore method, some puzzling observations have been made. Frequently, the modulus level of a stock of a given dispersion was found to be higher than the proportionate modulus of a stock of 100% dispersion. Furthermore, stocks have occasionally been prepared with a measured dispersion rating of less than zero (see below). It thus seemed worthwhile to re-examine the Leigh-Dugmore calculation.

A variety of morphologies in diblock copolymer/homopolymer blends

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Thomas ◽  
Karen I. Winey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Copolymer Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homopolymer Blends ◽  
Long Range Ordering ◽  
Double Diamond

A wide range of morphologies and thereby physical properties can be achieved in block copolymer/homopolymer blends by varying the copolymer composition, copolymer concentration and molecular weights. Recently we investigated micelle shape transitions in diblock copolymer with homopolymer blends at low copolymer concentration. In this paper we study the microstructure over a wider concentration range for a polystyrene-polybutadiene (PS/PB) diblock copolymer of molecular weight 20.5 × 103/20.5 × 103 blended with 17.2 × 103 molecular weight homopolystyrene (hPS).Figure 1 shows schematically a possible spectrum of microdomain structures dependent on the copolymer concentration of a lamellar PS/PB and hPS. Below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) the block copolymer is molecularly dispersed in the homopolymer exhibiting a homogeneous phase. As diblock concentration increases the minority (i.e. PB) forms spherical and/or cylindrical micelles randomly dispersed in the hPS. Further increases in diblock concentration induces long range ordering of various microdomains. In addition three biphasic regions are proposed in which two phases coexist: isotropic cylinders with ordered cylinders, ordered cylinders with ordered bicontinuous double diamond (OBDD), and OBDD with swollen lamellae.

Studies in the Dispersion of SRF Carbon Black in Butyl Rubber

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
F. P. Ford ◽  
A. Y. Mottlau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Photometric Analysis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Transmission Measurements ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Carbon Black Dispersion

Abstract A simple method is described for producing different degrees of carbon black dispersion in elastomers under controlled laboratory conditions. Careful selection of milling conditions has made possible the preparation of stocks possessing variations in degree of dispersion, comparable to the wide differences noted in practice. A new technique is described for studying these carbon black dispersions in rubber by means of the electron microscope. Such studies show large differences in degree of agglomeration of carbon black in compounds made under simple variations of conditions. Representative electron micrographs are shown. Good correlation is obtained between these micrographs and light transmission measurements of dilute solutions of the compounds. Such photometric analysis provides a simple method for the measurement of carbon black dispersion in research or control work. The observed differences in degree of dispersion have an effect on the physical properties of the unvulcanized compounds. This effect was observed by means of the parallel-plate plastometer. The viscosity values obtained with this instrument show a direct correlation with electron micrographic observations. Some of the practical and theoretical implications of this study are discussed with reference to recent work in this field by other investigators.

Thermal aging of carbon black filled rubber compounds. I. Experimental evidence for bridging flocculation

Polymer ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (23) ◽  
pp. 7229-7240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Schwartz ◽  
Silvina Cerveny ◽  
Ángel J. Marzocca ◽  
Michel Gerspacher ◽  
Leszek Nikiel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Bridging Flocculation ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Study of Carbon Black Structures in Rubber

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Testing Techniques

Abstract The effect of carbon-black structures in rubber were studied using dynamic testing techniques. The aspects studied were the effects of the degree of vulcanization and the degree of dispersion on dynamic modulus and loss. Relationships were established between electrical conductivity and dynamic modulus, and between the maximum dynamic viscosity and the carbon-black modulus changes on oscillation. Finally, use was made of carbon-black/paraffin-oil mixtures as model materials in order to explain the effect of carbon-black structures on the modulus enhancement of carbon-black-loaded vulcanizates.

Mixing Process of Natural and Synthetic Polyisoprene Rubbers

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ponce ◽  
R. R. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Mixing Times ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract The mixing process, in a Brabender Plasticorder with a cam-type mixing head, was studied with NR (natural Hevea rubber), GR (natural guayule rubber) and IR (synthetic polyisoprene) at two different temperatures (60 and 80°C), with three types of carbon black (EPC, FEF and HAF), each one at three different concentrations (30, 50 and 70 phr). Samples for analysis were obtained at six different mixing times. Development of mixing and dispersion was evaluated through the black incorporation times (BIT), energy consumption, and tensile properties, which have been correlated to the degree of dispersion determined by low resolution microscopy. BIT, Optimum Mixing Times and the energy consumed to reach those points are lower for GR and IR than for NR. Compounds obtained at Optimum Mixing Times show that GR has a lower modulus, similar tensile strength and higher elongations.

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