A New Approach to Sampling Intact Fe Plaque Reveals Si-Induced Changes in Fe Mineral Composition and Shoot As in Rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Amaral ◽  
Guilherme Lopes ◽  
Luiz R. G. Guilherme ◽  
Angelia L. Seyfferth
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fe Plaque ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Modulation of gut mucosal biofilms

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (S1) ◽  
pp. S35-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Kleessen ◽  
Michael Blaut
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Gut Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Non-digestible inulin-type fructans, such as oligofructose and high-molecular-weight inulin, have been shown to have the ability to alter the intestinal microbiota composition in such a way that members of the microbial community, generally considered as health-promoting, are stimulated. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the most frequently targeted organisms. Less information exists on effects of inulin-type fructans on the composition, metabolism and healthrelated significance of bacteria at or near the mucosa surface or in the mucus layer forming mucosa-associated biofilms. Using rats inoculated with a human faecal flora as an experimental model we have found that inulin-type fructans in the diet modulated the gut microbiota by stimulation of mucosa-associated bifidobacteria as well as by partial reduction of pathogenicSalmonella enterica subsp. entericaserovar Typhimurium and thereby benefit health. In addition to changes in mucosal biofilms, inulin-type fructans also induced changes in the colonic mucosa stimulating proliferation in the crypts, increasing the release of mucins, and altering the profile of mucin components in the goblet cells and epithelial mucus layer. These results indicate that inulin-type fructans may stabilise the gut mucosal barrier. Dietary supplementation with these prebiotics could offer a new approach to supporting the barrier function of the mucosa.

Salinity source-induced changes in yield, mineral composition, phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in floating system

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Borgognone ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Elvira Rea ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Floating System ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Quantifying free behaviour in an open field using k-motif approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marein Könings ◽  
Mark Blokpoel ◽  
Katarzyna Kapusta ◽  
Tom Claassen ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Repetitive Behaviour ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractQuantification and parametrisation of movement are widely used in animal behavioural paradigms. In particular, free movement in controlled conditions (e.g., open field paradigm) is used as a “proxy for indices of baseline and drug-induced behavioural changes. However, the analysis of this is often time- and labour-intensive and existing algorithms do not always classify the behaviour correctly. Here, we propose a new approach to quantify behaviour in an unconstrained environment: searching for frequent patterns (k-motifs) in the time series representing the position of the subject over time. Validation of this method was performed using subchronic quinpirole-induced changes in open field experiment behaviours in rodents. Analysis of this data was performed using k-motifs as features to better classify subjects into experimental groups on the basis of behaviour in the open field. Our classifier using k-motifs gives as high as 94% accuracy in classifying repetitive behaviour versus controls which is a substantial improvement compared to currently available methods including using standard feature definitions (depending on the choice of feature set and classification strategy, accuracy up to 88%). Furthermore, visualisation of the movement/time patterns is highly predictive of these behaviours. By using machine learning, this can be applied to behavioural analysis across experimental paradigms.

Energy Loss for Swift Heavy Ions in Polymers: A New Approach for Effective Charge Parameterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Sharma ◽  
Neetu ◽  
Anupam ◽  
Shyam Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Effective Charge ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Polyethylene Naphthalate ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Swift Heavy Ions ◽  
Swift Heavy Ion ◽  
Induced Changes

t is well established that the properties of the materials can be tailored as per specific requirements as a result of swift heavy ion irradiation. This is because of the radiation damage induced changes in the properties of the materials as a result of the energy loss process of the incident ions along their trajectory. In order to correlate such induced changes with the energy loss of the impinging ions, the exact evaluation of energy loss for swift ions in different materials is extremely important. Keeping in mind the polymers as versatile materials, in the present work, we have focused on energy loss calculations for swift heavy ions with Z= 3-29 in different polymeric absorbers, e.g. Polypropylene PP (C3H6), Polycarbonate PC (C16H14O3), Polyethylene terepthalate PET (C10H8O4), Polyethylene naphthalate PEN (C7H5O2), Diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate) CR-39 (C12H18O7), Cellulose nitrate LR-115 (C6H9O9N2) and Polypyromellitimide KAPTON (C22H10O5N2) in the energy range 0.5-6.00 MeV/n. The present calculations have been made by employing the proper energy loss formulation applicable both at low as well as high energies, involving a new approach for effective charge parameterization without any empirical/semi-empirical means. A close agreement between these calculated and experimentally measured values has been observed. Such calculations will provide an input towards the modeling or simulation for swift heavy ion induced changes in the properties of materials.

Heat-induced changes in the properties of modified skim milks with different casein to whey protein ratios

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Jeswan Singh ◽  
Jayani Chandrapala ◽  
Punsandani Udabage ◽  
Ian McKinnon ◽  
Mary Ann Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Calcium Activity ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
Induced Changes

The heat-induced changes in pH, Ca activity and viscosity after heating at 90 °C for 10 min of five modified skim milks were studied as a function of the initial pH of the milks at 25 °C. The milks had (i) different ratios of casein : whey protein (0·03, 1·74, 3·97, 5·27 and 7·25), (ii) the same total solids concentration (9% w/w) and (iii) prior to the adjustment of the pH, similar values of pH (6·67–6·74), concentration of serum calcium, and calcium activity, suggesting that the sera have similar mineral composition. The total protein concentrations of the milks differ (2·8–4·0%, w/w). The pH decrease in situ upon heating from 25–90 °C was similar for all the modified skim milks with the same starting pH, suggesting that the pH changes to milk on heating were primarily mediated by the initial mineral composition of the serum and were unaffected by the casein : whey protein ratio or the total protein content of the milk. The heat-induced changes in pH and calcium activity were largely reversible on cooling. The two milks with the lowest ratios of casein to whey protein gelled on heating to 90 °C for 10 min and cooling to 25 °C when the pH was adjusted to pH = 6·2 prior to heating. The viscosities of all other milks with casein to whey protein ratio of 3·97, 5·27 and 7·25 and/or pH ≥6·7 prior to heating did not change significantly. The effect of casein : whey protein ratio and the pH are the dominant factors in controlling the susceptibility to thickening of the milks on heating in this study.

scholarly journals SimpylCellCounter: An Automated Solution for Quantifying Cells in Brain Tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesh Bal ◽  
Fidel Maureira ◽  
Amy A. Arguello
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Network Classifier ◽  
New Approach ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Automated Tool

ABSTRACTRationale & ObjectiveManual quantification of activated cells can provide valuable information about stimuli-induced changes within brain regions; however, this analysis remains time intensive. Therefore, we created SimpylCellCounter (SCC), an automated method to quantify cells that express Cfos protein, an index of neuronal activity, in brain tissue and benchmarked it against two widely-used methods: OpenColonyFormingUnit (OCFU) and ImageJ Edge Detection Macro (IMJM).MethodsIn Experiment 1, manually-obtained counts were compared to those detected via OCFU, IMJM and SCC. The absolute error in counts (manual versus automated method) was calculated, and error types were categorized as false positives or negatives. In Experiment 2, performance analytics of OCFU, IMJM and SCC were compared. In Experiment 3, SCC performed analysis on images it was not trained on, to assess its general utility.Results & ConclusionsWe found SCC to be highly accurate and efficient in quantifying both cells with circular morphologies and those expressing Cfos. Additionally, SCC utilizes a new approach for counting overlapping cells with a pretrained convolutional neural network classifier. The current study demonstrates that SCC is a novel, automated tool to quantify cells in brain tissue, complementing current, open-sourced quantification methods designed to detect cells in vitro.

High-resolution Photoinduced Transient Spectroscopy of Defect Centers in Undoped Semi-Insulating 6H-SiC

2008 ◽  
Vol 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Kaminski ◽  
Roman Kozlowski ◽  
Marcin Miczuga ◽  
Michal Pawlowski ◽  
Michal Kozubal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Charge Compensation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Defect Centers ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Transient Spectroscopy ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACTHigh-resolution photoinduced transient spectroscopy (HRPITS) has been applied to studying defect centers controlling the charge compensation in semi-insulating (SI), vanadium-free, bulk 6H- SiC. The photocurrent relaxation waveforms were digitally recorded in the temperature range of 50 − 750 K and a new approach to extract the parameters of defect centers from the temperature-induced changes in the time constants of the waveforms has been implemented. It is based on a two-dimensional analysis using the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. As a result, the images of spectral fringes depicting the temperature dependences of the emission rate of charge carriers for defect centers are created. Using the new procedure for the analysis of the photocurrent relaxation waveforms and the new way of the visualization of the thermal emission rate dependences, a number of shallow and deep defect levels ranging from 80 to 1900 meV have been detected. The obtained results indicate that defect structure of undoped SI bulk 6H-SiC is very complex and the material properties are affected by various point defects occupying the hexagonal and quasi-cubic lattice sites.

scholarly journals Total Recall: Lateral Habenula and Psychedelics in the Study of Depression and Comorbid Brain Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6525
Author(s):  
Matas Vitkauskas ◽  
Ajay S. Mathuru
Keyword(s):  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Early Results ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Deep Brain

Depression impacts the lives and daily activities of millions globally. Research into the neurobiology of lateral habenula circuitry and the use of psychedelics for treating depressive states has emerged in the last decade as new directions to devise interventional strategies and therapies. Several clinical trials using deep brain stimulation of the habenula, or using ketamine, and psychedelics that target the serotonergic system such as psilocybin are also underway. The promising early results in these fields require cautious optimism as further evidence from experiments conducted in animal systems in ecologically relevant settings, and a larger number of human studies with improved spatiotemporal neuroimaging, accumulates. Designing optimal methods of intervention will also be aided by an improvement in our understanding of the common genetic and molecular factors underlying disorders comorbid with depression, as well as the characterization of psychedelic-induced changes at a molecular level. Advances in the use of cerebral organoids offers a new approach for rapid progress towards these goals. Here, we review developments in these fast-moving areas of research and discuss potential future directions.

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