scholarly journals Modulation of gut mucosal biofilms

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (S1) ◽  
pp. S35-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Kleessen ◽  
Michael Blaut
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Gut Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Non-digestible inulin-type fructans, such as oligofructose and high-molecular-weight inulin, have been shown to have the ability to alter the intestinal microbiota composition in such a way that members of the microbial community, generally considered as health-promoting, are stimulated. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the most frequently targeted organisms. Less information exists on effects of inulin-type fructans on the composition, metabolism and healthrelated significance of bacteria at or near the mucosa surface or in the mucus layer forming mucosa-associated biofilms. Using rats inoculated with a human faecal flora as an experimental model we have found that inulin-type fructans in the diet modulated the gut microbiota by stimulation of mucosa-associated bifidobacteria as well as by partial reduction of pathogenicSalmonella enterica subsp. entericaserovar Typhimurium and thereby benefit health. In addition to changes in mucosal biofilms, inulin-type fructans also induced changes in the colonic mucosa stimulating proliferation in the crypts, increasing the release of mucins, and altering the profile of mucin components in the goblet cells and epithelial mucus layer. These results indicate that inulin-type fructans may stabilise the gut mucosal barrier. Dietary supplementation with these prebiotics could offer a new approach to supporting the barrier function of the mucosa.

scholarly journals Fructans in the diet cause alterations of intestinal mucosal architecture, released mucins and mucosa-associated bifidobacteria in gnotobiotic rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Kleessen ◽  
Ludger Hartmann ◽  
Michael Blaut
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Distal Jejunum

The effects of fructans in the diet on the mucosal morphometry (height of villi, depth of the crypts, number of goblet cells), the thickness of the epithelial mucus layer and the histochemical composition of intestinal mucosubstances in the distal jejunum and the distal colon were investigated by comparing germ-free (GF) rats, rats harbouringBacteroides vulgatusandBifidobacterium longum(diassociated (DA) rats), and rats with a human faecal flora (HFA). The rats were fed either a commercial standard diet (ST) or ST + (50 g oligofructose (OF)–long-chain inulin (lcIN))/kg. Changes in total bacteria, bifidobacteria andBacteroides–Prevotellain response to feeding these diets were investigated by fluorescentin situhybridization with 16S rRNA-targeted probes both in intestinal contents (lumen bacteria) and tissue sections (mucosa-associated bacteria). The OF–lcIN-containing diet resulted in higher villi and deeper crypts in bacteria-associated, but not in GF rats. In DA and HFA rats, the colonic epithelial mucus layer was thicker and the numbers of the goblet cells were greater than in GF rats. These effects were enhanced by the OF–lcIN-containing diet. In both dietary groups, bacterial colonization of GF rats caused an increase in neutral mucins in the distal jejunum and colon. Bacteria-associated rats had more acidic mucins in the colon than GF rats, and the OF–lcIN-containing diet stimulated sulfomucins as the predominant type of acidic mucins, while sialomucins dominated in the ST-fed groups. The number of mucosa-associated bifidobacteria detected in the colon of DA and HFA rats was greater with OF–lcIN than ST (4·9 and 5·4v. 3·5 and 4·0 log10/mm2mucosal surface respectively), whereas the number of luminal bifidobacteria was only affected by fructans in DA rats.Bacteroidesdid not differ between the groups. The stabilisation of the gut mucosal barrier, either by changes in the mucosal architecture itself, in released mucins or by stimulation of mucosal bifidobacteria with fructans, could become an important topic in the treatment and prophylaxis of gastrointestinal disorders and health maintenance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Treatment Alters the Colonic Mucus Layer and Predisposes the Host to ExacerbatedCitrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1536-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wlodarska ◽  
B. Willing ◽  
K. M. Keeney ◽  
A. Menendez ◽  
K. S. Bergstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Stimulation ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTAntibiotics are often used in the clinic to treat bacterial infections, but the effects of these drugs on microbiota composition and on intestinal immunity are poorly understood.Citrobacter rodentiumwas used as a model enteric pathogen to investigate the effect of microbial perturbation on intestinal barriers and susceptibility to colitis. Streptomycin and metronidazole were used to induce alterations in the composition of the microbiota prior to infection withC. rodentium. Metronidazole pretreatment increased susceptibility toC. rodentium-induced colitis over that of untreated and streptomycin-pretreated mice, 6 days postinfection. Both antibiotic treatments altered microbial composition, without affecting total numbers, but metronidazole treatment resulted in a more dramatic change, including a reduced population ofPorphyromonadaceaeand increased numbers of lactobacilli. Disruption of the microbiota with metronidazole, but not streptomycin treatment, resulted in an increased inflammatory tone of the intestine characterized by increased bacterial stimulation of the epithelium, altered goblet cell function, and thinning of the inner mucus layer, suggesting a weakened mucosal barrier. This reduction in mucus thickness correlates with increased attachment ofC. rodentiumto the intestinal epithelium, contributing to the exacerbated severity ofC. rodentium-induced colitis in metronidazole-pretreated mice. These results suggest that antibiotic perturbation of the microbiota can disrupt intestinal homeostasis and the integrity of intestinal defenses, which protect against invading pathogens and intestinal inflammation.

Secretagogue-induced changes in subcellular Ca2+ distribution in isolated pancreatic acini

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. G130-G140
Author(s):  
R. L. Dormer ◽  
J. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

In a prior study, we demonstrated that pancreatic secretagogues increased both the uptake into and washout of 45Ca2+ from isolated mouse pancreatic acini. The net result of these processes was an initial fall in total acinar cell Ca2+ content. In the present study, we have employed subcellular fractionation of acini under conditions that minimized posthomogenization redistribution of Ca2+ in order to localize those organelles involved in intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Homogenization and differential centrifugation of acini, preloaded with 45Ca2+ and subjected to a period of washout, showed that carbachol induced an increased loss of 45Ca2+ from all fractions isolated. The high-speed microsomal fraction lost 45Ca2+ to a greater extent than did whole acini; measurement of total Ca2+ by atomic absorption spectrometry showed a net loss of Ca2+ from this fraction. Purification of the lower-speed fractions indicated that carbachol increased 45Ca2+ exchange with both zymogen granules and mitochondria, but net Ca2+ levels in these organelles were unchanged. It was concluded that stimulation of pancreatic acini by carbachol results in the release of calcium from a microsomal compartment leading to a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+, increased exchange with granule and mitochondrial Ca2+, and increased efflux of Ca2+ from the cell.

scholarly journals Plant-based fructans for increased animal welfare: provision processes and remaining challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zimmermann ◽  
C. Visscher ◽  
M. Kaltschmitt
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractFructans are carbohydrates consisting of fructose monomers linked by β-2,1- and/or β-2,6-glycosidic bonds with linear or branched structure. These carbohydrates belong to the group of prebiotic dietary fibre with health-promoting potential for humans and mammals due to their indigestibility and selective stimulation of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. This makes fructans interesting mainly for healthy food as well as animal feed applications. As a consequence of a growing public awareness for animal welfare, dietary fibre and thus fructans move into the focus as a fibre-rich feeding improving not only animals’ health but also their well-being. Against this background, this paper summarises the known effects of fructans focusing on pigs and highlights the state of the art in fructan production processes from plant material as well as selected current research lines. Additionally, an attempt is made to assess the potential of European fructan production for an application as animal feed. Based on this, challenges in the field of fructan production are addressed and alternative substrates for fructans are discussed and pointed out.

scholarly journals Alterations of the Predominant Fecal Microbiota and Disruption of the Gut Mucosal Barrier in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Liu ◽  
Yiwen Cheng ◽  
Li Shao ◽  
Zongxin Ling
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Gut Mucosal Barrier

Growing evidence indicated that the gut microbiota was the intrinsic and essential component of the cancer microenvironment, which played vital roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). In our present study, we investigated the alterations of fecal abundant microbiota with real-time quantitative PCR and the changes of indicators of gut mucosal barrier from 53 early-stage CRC patients and 45 matched healthy controls. We found that the traditional beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium decreased significantly and the carcinogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium nucleatum were significantly increased in CRC patients. We also found gut mucosal barrier dysfunction in CRC patients with increased levels of endotoxin (LPS), D-lactate, and diamine oxidase (DAO). With Pearson’s correlation analysis, D-lactate, LPS, and DAO were correlated negatively with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and positively with Enterobacteriaceae and F. nucleatum. Our present study found dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota and dysfunction of the gut mucosal barrier in patients with early-stage CRC, which implicated that fecal abundant bacteria and gut mucosal barrier indicators could be used as targets to monitor the development and progression of CRC in a noninvasive and dynamic manner.

scholarly journals Non-invasive stimulation of vagal afferents reduces gastric frequency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Teckentrup ◽  
Sandra Neubert ◽  
João C. P. Santiago ◽  
Manfred Hallschmid ◽  
Martin Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMetabolic feedback between the gut and the brain relayed via the vagus nerve contributes to energy homeostasis. We investigated in healthy adults whether non-invasive stimulation of vagal afferents impacts energy homeostasis via efferent effects on metabolism or digestion. In a randomized crossover design, we applied transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) while recording efferent metabolic effects using simultaneous electrogastrography (EGG) and indirect calorimetry. We found that taVNS reduced gastric myoelectric frequency (p =.008), but did not alter resting energy expenditure. We conclude that stimulating vagal afferents induces gastric slowing via vagal efferents without acutely affecting net energy expenditure at rest. Collectively, this highlights the potential of taVNS to modulate digestion by activating the dorsal vagal complex. Thus, taVNS-induced changes in gastric frequency are an important peripheral marker of brain stimulation effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document