Alkaline Solutions for pH Control

1956 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Bates ◽  
V. E. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Ph Control ◽  
Alkaline Solutions

scholarly journals Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Model for Hydroponics pH Control System

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1694-1699
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farid Saaid ◽  
Ahmad Ihsan Mohd Yassin ◽  
Nooritawati Md Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Residual Distribution ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Accuracy ◽  
Good Agreement

Nutrients are essential to optimise plant growth. However, adding fertiliser changes the pH of the nutrition solution. This would impact plant growth as each plant types requires a specific pH range to thrive. Due to the nonlinearity characteristics, pH neutralisation adjustment is difficult but essential. In addition, alkaline solutions are not completely dissociated due to the presence of acid. For these reasons, a mathematical model to estimate the solution's pH would help improve the alkaline and acidic delivery accuracy. This study represents a pH water neutralisation behaviour using Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithm (PSO). The project begins with input and output data acquisition leading to the development of the PSO model. The model fit and residual distribution have also been analysed for this model. The model's performance was accepted based on a correlation test because the lag signal exceeded 95% of the confidence interval. The model also recorded a very minimal error, and this proved that a good agreement is established between the predicted and actual pH values.

Sol-gel transition in silica alkaline solutions. A NMR study

1994 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Zanni ◽  
P Nieto ◽  
L Fernandez ◽  
R Couty ◽  
P Barret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Sol Gel Transition ◽  
Gel Transition

Evaluation of a molybdenum sulfide reference electrode in hot alkaline solutions

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
OUTI A. HYÖKYVIRTA ◽  
TOM E. GUSTAFSSON
Keyword(s):  
Molybdenum Disulfide ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Molybdenum Sulfide ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Pulp Digester ◽  
Alkaline Sulfide

This investigation evaluated the applicability of a molybdenum sulfide reference electrode (MSRE) as an internal reference electrode for use in alkaline sulfide solutions over a range of pulp digester liquors at 170°C. The electrode remained stable during the exposure period of two weeks. The experimentally determined half cell potential of the MSRE is E = -0.91 VSHE. The surface of the MSRE was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) to verify the chemical composition of the thin surface film. Based on ESCA studies, the surface film contained molybdenum disulfide and sodium disulfide. During storage of the specimens, sulfide was partly oxidized to sodium sulfite in air. Next to the metallic molybdenum, a mixed molybdenum disulfide and molybdenum hydroxide layer was detected.

Effects of Interfacial Reaction on the Radial Displacement of Oil by Alkaline Solutions

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
K. C. Khulbe ◽  
V. Hornof ◽  
G. H. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Radial Displacement ◽  
Alkaline Solutions

Example of Waste Water pH Control by Fuzzy

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ohkura
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Water Ph

ACI TYPE CB-30

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract Type CB-30 is an iron-chromium alloy sufficiently high in chromium content to provide excellent resistance to corrosion by nitric acid, alkaline solutions and many organic chemicals. They alloy maintains an essentially ferritic structure. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-315. Producer or source: Stainless steel foundries.

Chemical deposition of hard composite coatings Ni–Cu–P–Cr2O3

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
A.A. Abrashov A.A. ◽  
E.G. Vinokurov ◽  
M.A. Egupova ◽  
V.D. Skopintsev
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Functional Surface ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Weakly Acid Solution ◽  
Coating Composition ◽  
Weakly Acidic Solution

The technological (deposition rate, coating composition) and functional (surface roughness, microhardness) characteristics of chemical composite coatings Ni—Cu—P—Cr2O3 obtained from weakly acidic and slightly alkaline solutions are compared. It is shown that coatings deposited from slightly alkaline solution contain slightly less phosphorus and chromium oxide than coatings deposited from weakly acid solution (2...3 % wt. phosphorus and up to 3.4 % wt. chromium oxide), formed at higher rate (24...25 microns per 1 hour of deposition at temperature of 80 °C), are characte rized by lower roughness and increased microhardness. The Vickers microhardness at 0.05 N load of composite coatings obtained from slightly alkaline solution and heat-treated at 400 °C for 1 hour is 13.5...15.2 GPa, which is higher than values for coatings deposited made of weakly acidic solution. The maximum microhardness of coatings is achieved at concentration 20 g/l of Cr2O3 particles. The technology of chemical deposition of Ni—Cu—P—Cr2O3 coatings formed in slightly alkaline solution is promising for obtaining of materials with increased hardness and wear resistance.

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