Diffusional Surface Voltammetry as a Probe of Adsorption Energetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Calvente ◽  
Miguel Molero ◽  
Rafael Andreu ◽  
Germán López-Pérez ◽  
Antonio M. Luque
Keyword(s):  
Diffusional Surface

scholarly journals Conversion of Marine Structures to Calcium Phosphate Materials: Mechanisms of Conversion Using Two Different Phosphate Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent J. Macha ◽  
David Grossin ◽  
Besim Ben-Nissan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Marine Structure ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Surface Conversion ◽  
Phosphate Solutions ◽  
Diffusional Surface ◽  
Full Conversion

Marine structure, coralline materials were converted to calcium phosphate using two different phosphate solutions. The aim was to study the conversion mechanisms under acidic and basic environment at moderate conditions of temperature. Crystal growth and morphology of converted corals were characterized by XRD and SEM respectively. The results suggested that under acidic conditions (H3PO4), dissolution and precipitation control and direct the crystal formation and morphology in which transition from plate like to rod like hydroxyapatite structure was favoured. Metastable phase such as monetite formed and transformed to HAp during reaction. During the first hour of the dissolution a monetite and hydroxyapatite mixture precipitates and then the full conversion to hydroxyapatite is observed. On the other hand, under basic conditions (NH4)2HPO4, just diffusional surface conversion of the calcium carbonate structure of coralline materials to hydroxyapatite and a very small amount of tri-calcium phosphate is observed. The mechanism can be classified as the solid-state topotactic ion-exchange reaction mechanism.

Diffusional surface alloying of carbon steel

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
O. V. Sizova ◽  
L. B. Zuev ◽  
N. Ya. Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Diffusional Surface

Laws and mechanism of diffusional surface burning of metals

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Pityulin ◽  
V. A. Shcherbakov ◽  
I. P. Borovinskaya ◽  
A. G. Merzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Burning ◽  
Diffusional Surface

Glucose oxidation by adherent and mechanically detached cultured cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 728-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Honda ◽  
N. T. Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Culture Flask ◽  
Cellular Architecture ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Diffusional Surface

This study examined the effect of mechanical detachment from the growth surface on energy metabolism of cultured cells. Oxidation of [1-14C]glucose measured by production of 14CO2 by adherent neuroblastoma (123 ± 5 nmol/mg protein per minute), glioma (128 ± 10 nmol/mg protein per minute), and fibroblast (137 ± 5 nmol/mg protein per minute) cultures was similar. Removing cells from the culture flask by scraping reduced glucose oxidation by 62, 30, and 82% in neuroblastoma, glioma, and fibroblast cultures, respectively. Transferring cells from a culture flask to a test tube, to control for diffusional surface area, did not further reduce glucose oxidation. Detaching cells from the growth surface destroyed the extensive process formation and disrupted the normal spatial organization on the culture plate. These results indicate that it is essential to maintain these aspects of cellular architecture when evaluating metabolic properties of cultured cells.Key words: glucose oxidation, neuroblastoma, glioma, fibroblasts.

Influence of Diffusional Surface Alloying on the Hardened-Layer Thickness for Gray-Iron Machine Parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 901-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Vasil’ev ◽  
V. E. Ovsyannikov ◽  
R. Yu. Nekrasov ◽  
Yu. A. Tempel’
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Hardened Layer Thickness ◽  
Diffusional Surface

An Overview on Surface Hardening of Titanium Alloys by Diffusion of Interstitial Atoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Güleryüz ◽  
Erdem Atar ◽  
Fared Seahjani ◽  
Hüseyin Çimenoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Diffusion Zone ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Interstitial Atoms ◽  
Graded Surfaces ◽  
Diffusional Surface ◽  
And Diffusion

In this paper, diffusional surface hardening processes utilized to overcome the poor tribological performance of titanium and its alloys is briefly introduced. More specifically, surface treatments known as thermal oxidation, nitriding and boriding offering the advantage of producing graded surfaces comprising hard compound layer and diffusion zone by diffusion of interstitial atoms (oxygen, nitrogen and boron) are overviewed.

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