Laws and mechanism of diffusional surface burning of metals

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Pityulin ◽  
V. A. Shcherbakov ◽  
I. P. Borovinskaya ◽  
A. G. Merzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Burning ◽  
Diffusional Surface

Fly ash/ripoxy composite: Inflammability on horizontal and surface burning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Diharjo ◽  
Y. Prasetya ◽  
M. Masykuri ◽  
N. S. Suharty
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Surface Burning

Surface burning in a mature stand of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus in Michigan: effects on understory vegetation

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Neumann ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Phytolacca Americana ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Surface Burning

Beginning in 1991, periodic surface fires (frontal fire intensities <200 kW m–1) were introduced into a mixed red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and white pine (P. strobus L.) plantation (dbh 16–60 cm). Replicated plots of 0.4–0.5 ha were either burned three times at biennial intervals (early May of 1991, 1993, and 1995), burned once (early May 1991), or not burned. Measurements were conducted during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. The pine overstory was largely unaffected by the fires. The understory on unburned plots contained 16 111 large seedlings (>1 m, ≤ 1.9 cm dbh) and 3944 saplings (2.0–5.9 cm dbh) per ha, consisting of 23 woody angiosperm taxa. Plots burned once contained 60% of the large seedlings, 7% of the saplings, and 6 fewer taxa than unburned plots. No large seedlings and few saplings were found in plots burned biennially. Cover of low (<1 m) woody and herbaceous vegetation in plots burned once or three times was twice that of unburned plots, even in the growing season immediately following the May 1995 re-burn. Recovery of low vegetative cover in the re-burned plots was rapid, exceeding that in once-burned or unburned plots by late summer following the burn. Species richness of low vegetation was 20–25% higher in burned than unburned plots, except in the year immediately following reburning. Taxa dominating this site following burning were Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Rubus spp., Phytolacca americana L., and Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F. MÜll.) Watt. Restoration of low-intensity surface fires to ecosystems dominated by mature red pine or white pine is feasible, but major changes in understory structure and composition will occur.

PULSED ELECTROCHEMICAL MICRO MACHINING OF INVAR (FE-NI) FILM USING AN ELECTRODE ARRAY

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-747
Author(s):  
Kwang-Ho Chun ◽  
Seung-Geon Choi ◽  
Eun-Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Laser Machining ◽  
Shadow Mask ◽  
Micro Machining ◽  
Thermal Change ◽  
Surface Burning ◽  
Change Characteristics ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Manufacturing Methods

Recently, invar (Fe-Ni) material has been applied to OLED shadow masks due to its thermal change characteristics and thermal expansion coefficient. The most widely used manufacturing methods for invar are etching and laser machining, but they have problems like non-machined areas generated by etching and surface burning in laser machining. For this reason, an alternative machining method is necessary. In this study, pulsed electrochemical machining (PECM) has been applied to fabricate an OLED shadow mask. PECM is a highly promising technology for shadow mask manufacturing because it can produce micro-scale and complex tapered holes in one process. A pilot experiment was carried out to find a suitable electrolyte for invar film, and an array of coated Ti electrodes was used to fabricate micro holes.

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