Temperature Influences Efficacy, Absorption, and Translocation of 2,4-D or Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Susceptible Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor A. Ganie ◽  
Mithila Jugulam ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Two Temperatures

Glyphosate and 2,4-D have been commonly used for control of common and giant ragweed before planting of corn and soybean in the midwestern United States. Because these herbicides are primarily applied in early spring, environmental factors such as temperature may influence their efficacy. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the influence of temperature on the efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate for common and giant ragweed control and the level of glyphosate resistance and (2) determine the underlying physiological mechanisms (absorption and translocation). Glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and glyphosate-resistant (GR) common and giant ragweed biotypes from Nebraska were used for glyphosate dose–response studies, and GR biotypes were used for 2,4-D dose–response studies conducted at two temperatures (day/night [d/n]; low temperature [LT]: 20/11 C d/n; high temperature [HT]: 29/17 C d/n). Results indicate improved efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate at HT compared with LT for common and giant ragweed control regardless of susceptibility or resistance to glyphosate. The level of glyphosate resistance decreased in both the species at HT compared with LT, primarily due to more translocation at HT. More translocation of 2,4-D in GR common and giant ragweed at HT compared with LT at 96 h after treatment could be the reason for improved efficacy. Similarly, higher translocation in common ragweed and increased absorption and translocation in giant ragweed resulted in greater efficacy of glyphosate at HT compared with LT. It is concluded that the efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate for common and giant ragweed control can be improved if applied at warm temperatures (29/17 C d/n) due to increased absorption and/or translocation compared with applications during cooler temperatures (20/11 C d/n).

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Imazethapyr in Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Ballard ◽  
Michael E. Foley ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Phloem Mobility ◽  
Lower Plant

Common and giant ragweed are important weeds of soybeans in Indiana. These two weeds respond differently to imazethapyr POST treatments with common ragweed demonstrating more tolerance than giant ragweed. Both plants show initial susceptibility to imazethapyr, but common ragweed can regrow 10 to 14 days following herbicide application. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the factors that contribute to the differential control of common and giant ragweed with imazethapyr. Differential absorption was observed at 72 h, with common ragweed absorbing 52% of the applied14C-imazethapyr and giant ragweed absorbing 39%. The absorption of radioactivity was the same for both species by 672 h. Imazethapyr exhibited both xylem and phloem mobility by translocating both acropetally and basipetally from a treated leaf in giant and common ragweed. A higher percentage of the absorbed radioactivity accumulated in the lower foliage and roots of giant ragweed than common ragweed by 336 h. The rate of imazethapyr metabolism in common ragweed was greater than in giant ragweed. At 336 h, 81 and 68% of the identified radioactivity in the treated leaf was imazethapyr metabolites in common and giant ragweed, respectively. A higher level of the inactive glucose conjugate metabolite was found in the lower plant and root tissues of common ragweed than in giant ragweed. The differential control of common and giant ragweed with foliar applications of imazethapyr was attributed to differences in both translocation and metabolism.

Periodicity of Germination and Emergence of Some Annual Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Annual Weeds

Seeds of yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.) were buried in the soil November 20 and 21, 1966 at Urbana, Illinois for noting emergence of seedlings from April 1 through August 18, 1967. Similarly, seeds of yellow foxtail, ivyleaf morningglory, jimsonweed, velvetleaf, giant ragweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried on October 25, 1968 for emergence observations from April 1 to August 18, 1969. Pennsylvania smartweed, giant ragweed, and common ragweed had large flushes of germination from early April through early May, with no emergence after June 1. Velvetleaf displayed similar early flushes and had additional small flushes of emergence in late May or June. Yellow foxtail seedlings also emerged in April and May in 1969 and in May and June during both years. Common cocklebur seedlings emerged abundantly in April and May but less abundantly in June. Ivyleaf morningglory and jimsonweed displayed flushes of emergence sporadically after May 1. Flushes of emergence for all species which occurred after May 1 were preceded by sufficient rainfall to bring the surface 10 cm of soil to field capacity. Cumulative heat units in the soil above 10 C were not correlated with initiation of emergence for any species. The early emergence was attributed to stimuli from general soil warming while emergence after May 1 was stimulated by favorable soil moisture from rainfall.

Response of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) to Postemergence Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Ballard ◽  
Michael E. Foley ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Giant Ragweed

A study was conducted to evaluate the response of common and giant ragweed to postemergence applications of imazethapyr using relative growth rate parameters. The relative growth rate was the same for untreated common and giant ragweed through the 21 d harvest interval. Relative growth rates of treated common and giant ragweed were 50% lower than the relative growth rates of untreated ragweeds 21 d after treatment. Between 21 and 56 d after treatment, the relative growth rate of common ragweed declined an additional 13%, while the relative growth rate of giant ragweed declined an additional 38%. The sharp continued decline in the relative growth rate of giant ragweed indicated plant death. The moderation and slight increase in the relative growth rate of common ragweed between 21 and 56 d corresponded with the initiation of lateral axillary buds and the regeneration of plant growth. Relative growth rate parameters identified differences in the response of common and giant ragweed to imazethapyr as early as 21 d after treatment. Relative growth rate demonstrated utility by objectively measuring differences in the growth response of these two weeds that are moderately susceptible to imazethapyr under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i> L.) in Ontario: Dose Response and Control with Postemergence Herbicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Vink ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
François J. Tardif ◽  
Mark B. Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Interspecific Hybridization Between Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (A. trifida)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Vincent ◽  
Mario Cappadocia
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Postzygotic Barriers ◽  
Embryo Culture Techniques

Common ragweed [Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL. # AMBEL (2n=36)] and giant ragweed[A. trifidaL. # AMBTR (2n=24)] are two abundant annuals that are widespread throughout northeastern North America. They are also the main cause of hay fever in Eastern Canada. The formation of a hybrid between the two species has been reported only once and just one type of hybrid was recovered; namely, common ragweed × giant ragweed. In order to create additional suitable material for future studies of the biochemical features characterizing the allergenic pollen, the production of reciprocal hybrids between common and giant ragweed was attempted. A number of hybrid plants derived from crosses of the type common ragweed × giant ragweed were easily obtained; the reciprocal crosses, however, failed to produce viable plants. In this last case, evidence of postzygotic barriers of interspecific incompatibility were shown by the presence of underdeveloped embryos contained in the few seeds recovered. Embryo culture techniques, therefore, were used in order to bypass such barriers. By this method fifteen plants of hybrid constitution survived to maturity.

Field Presence of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza Canadensis), Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium Album), and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia Trifida) Biotypes with Elevated Tolerance to Glyphosate

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Westhoven ◽  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Glyphosate Tolerance ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Different Types

Late-season field surveys conducted in Indiana from 2003 to 2005 showed that common lambsquarters and giant ragweed plants were present in 11 and 22%, respectively, of randomly sampled soybean fields that also contained glyphosate-resistant horseweed. In the fall of 2005 and 2006, seed from 13 common lambsquarters and 22 giant ragweed populations were collected from previously surveyed fields that had confirmed glyphosate-sensitive or -resistant horseweed. The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of glyphosate-resistant horseweed was correlated with the presence of common lambsquarters and giant ragweed biotypes with elevated tolerance to glyphosate. Through a series of greenhouse screens, 57% of common lambsquarters and 31% of giant ragweed populations collected from fields that had glyphosate-resistant horseweed expressed elevated levels of glyphosate tolerance. However, elevated tolerance to glyphosate was expressed by 33% of giant ragweed and 100% of common lambsquarters populations collected in fields that had glyphosate-sensitive horseweed. Therefore, under the parameters of this experiment and through different types of analyses, we concluded there was not a strong correlation between the late-season presence of glyphosate-resistant horseweed and common lambsquarters and giant ragweed populations with elevated glyphosate tolerance in the same field. A number of the weed populations expressed significant stunting from exposure to glyphosate, but were able to resume growth. Thus, researchers should evaluate plant regrowth in addition to biomass suppression when making assessments of glyphosate resistance in weed populations through greenhouse and field screening.

scholarly journals The influence of Ambrosia trifida on vegetative production of A. artemisiifolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savic ◽  
Ana Mileusnic ◽  
Danijela Pavlovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
The Social ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and A. trifida (giant ragweed) are very important weed species that are invasive in Serbia and are often found in agricultural regions. When these weeds are present at high densities, crop yields can be significantly reduced or even completely destroyed. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida is locally present in the Central Backa region (Vojvodina province), and it is expected that its area of distribution will expand in the future. Starting from the assumption that future distribution of A. trifida could take on larger proportions than now, the aim of this study was focused on examining the interaction between these two species. Experiments were conducted using the replacement design model, in which Ambrosia trifida/Ambrosia artemisiifolia per m2, were planted as density ratios of 10/0; 8/2; 4/6; 6/4; 2/8, and 0/10, in a completely randomized block system with four replications. The vegetative parameters (height and dry mass) of A. artemisiifolia were measured in July, August and September over a period of two years (2016 and 2017), and the results were statistically analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In July 2016, the average height of A. artemisiifolia was in the range between 35.00 and 50.40 cm, in August it was from 68.00 to 95.50 cm, and between 83.75 and 99.80 cm in September. In the following season (2017), the corresponding values ranged from 56.19 to 78.50 (July), 98.38 to 125.50 cm (August) and 111.19 to 148.50 (September). An increase in the number of A. artemisiifolia plants and decrease in A. trifida counts per m2 caused an increase in the dry mass of A. artemisiifolia per plant. The dry mass of A. artemisiifolia ranged from 4.22 to 6.11 g/plant (July), 8.96 to 10.27 g/plant (August) and 7.04 to 19.53 g/plant (September). In the following season, these values ranged from 9.62 to 14.60 g/plant, 14.37 to 28.90 g/plant, and 23.43 to 40.47 g/plant in July, August and September, respectively. Minimum values of vegetative parameters were recorded in the treatment with 2 plants, and maximum in the treatment with 10 A. artemisiifolia plants/m2. This means that interspecific competition is more pronounced in this ragweed species than intraspecific competition.

Dormancy Changes and Fate of Some Annual Weed Seeds in the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Seeds of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.), yellow foxtail[Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) were buried in the soil at depths down to 15.2 cm in November 1966. Seeds of jimsonweed, ivyleaf morningglory, giant ragweed, yellow foxtail, velvetleaf, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried 2.5 and 10.2 cm below the surface in October 1968. Seeds were exhumed for periodic laboratory analyses of dormancy changes. All species except ivyleaf morningglory and common cocklebur germinated better in light than in darkness after at least one winter of burial in the soil. Seeds decayed faster at 2.5 cm below the soil surface than at 10.2 cm, but some viable seeds of all species were recovered from both depths after 3 years. The development or maintenance of hard seeds was considered the principle mechanism for seed survival for 3 years in these species.

Germination behavior of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) populations across a range of salinities

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio DiTommaso
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Locally Adaptive ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
Roadside Plants ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Common ragweed is a native annual that colonizes disturbed habitats including agricultural fields and roadsides. It is especially abundant along roadways receiving regular applications of deicing salt. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that the emergence of common ragweed seedlings often occurs before the emergence of other roadside species and at salinity concentrations as high as 400 mM L−1, a level that can be found in roadside soils in early spring. However, the extent of this tolerance to salinity in common ragweed populations has not been quantified. The objective of this study was to assess the germination behavior of common ragweed seeds collected from three roadside and two agricultural populations across a salinity gradient. Seed germination of these five populations was monitored daily for 21 d across a sodium chloride gradient [0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM L−1] under controlled conditions. Seeds from roadside populations showed consistently greater total germination and rate of germination than seeds from agricultural populations. Germination differences were most evident at the 300 and 400 mM L−1 salinity concentrations. Average germination at the 400 mM L−1 sodium chloride concentration was 31% for two roadside populations and only 3% for two agricultural populations. Germination of seeds placed in distilled water after the 21-d salinity exposure treatments (i.e., recovery rates) was also greater for the roadside vs. agricultural populations. Findings indicate that the germination behavior of common ragweed seeds to salinity for roadside populations may be locally adaptive and allows common ragweed to emerge relatively early in spring thus providing a competitive advantage over later emerging roadside plants.

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