scholarly journals The influence of Ambrosia trifida on vegetative production of A. artemisiifolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savic ◽  
Ana Mileusnic ◽  
Danijela Pavlovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
The Social ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and A. trifida (giant ragweed) are very important weed species that are invasive in Serbia and are often found in agricultural regions. When these weeds are present at high densities, crop yields can be significantly reduced or even completely destroyed. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida is locally present in the Central Backa region (Vojvodina province), and it is expected that its area of distribution will expand in the future. Starting from the assumption that future distribution of A. trifida could take on larger proportions than now, the aim of this study was focused on examining the interaction between these two species. Experiments were conducted using the replacement design model, in which Ambrosia trifida/Ambrosia artemisiifolia per m2, were planted as density ratios of 10/0; 8/2; 4/6; 6/4; 2/8, and 0/10, in a completely randomized block system with four replications. The vegetative parameters (height and dry mass) of A. artemisiifolia were measured in July, August and September over a period of two years (2016 and 2017), and the results were statistically analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In July 2016, the average height of A. artemisiifolia was in the range between 35.00 and 50.40 cm, in August it was from 68.00 to 95.50 cm, and between 83.75 and 99.80 cm in September. In the following season (2017), the corresponding values ranged from 56.19 to 78.50 (July), 98.38 to 125.50 cm (August) and 111.19 to 148.50 (September). An increase in the number of A. artemisiifolia plants and decrease in A. trifida counts per m2 caused an increase in the dry mass of A. artemisiifolia per plant. The dry mass of A. artemisiifolia ranged from 4.22 to 6.11 g/plant (July), 8.96 to 10.27 g/plant (August) and 7.04 to 19.53 g/plant (September). In the following season, these values ranged from 9.62 to 14.60 g/plant, 14.37 to 28.90 g/plant, and 23.43 to 40.47 g/plant in July, August and September, respectively. Minimum values of vegetative parameters were recorded in the treatment with 2 plants, and maximum in the treatment with 10 A. artemisiifolia plants/m2. This means that interspecific competition is more pronounced in this ragweed species than intraspecific competition.

Halauxifen-methyl controls glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) but not giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Jamshid Ashigh ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Giant Ragweed

AbstractHorseweed is a competitive summer or winter annual weed that produces up to 230,000 small seeds per plant that are capable of traveling more than 500 km via wind. Giant ragweed is a tall, highly competitive summer annual weed. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and GR giant ragweed pose significant challenges for producers in the United States and Ontario, Canada. It is thought that an integrated weed management (IWM) system involving herbicide rotation is required to control GR biotypes. Halauxifen-methyl is a new selective broadleaf POST herbicide registered for use in cereal crops; there is limited information on its efficacy on horseweed and giant ragweed. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of halauxifen-methyl applied POST, alone and in a tank mix, for the control of GR horseweed and GR giant ragweed in wheat across southwestern Ontario. For each weed species, an efficacy study consisting of six field experiments was conducted over a 2-yr period (2018, 2019). At 8 wk after application (WAA), halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil + ammonium sulfate controlled GR horseweed >95%. Fluroxypyr and MCPA provided only 86% and 37% control of GR horseweed, respectively. At 8 WAA, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE + pyroxsulam, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester controlled GR giant ragweed 87%, 88%, 90%, 94%, 96%, 96%, 98%, and 93%, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl and pyroxsulam provided only 45% and 28% control of GR giant ragweed, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl applied alone POST in the spring controlled GR horseweed but not GR giant ragweed in winter wheat.

Dormancy Changes and Fate of Some Annual Weed Seeds in the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Seeds of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.), yellow foxtail[Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) were buried in the soil at depths down to 15.2 cm in November 1966. Seeds of jimsonweed, ivyleaf morningglory, giant ragweed, yellow foxtail, velvetleaf, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried 2.5 and 10.2 cm below the surface in October 1968. Seeds were exhumed for periodic laboratory analyses of dormancy changes. All species except ivyleaf morningglory and common cocklebur germinated better in light than in darkness after at least one winter of burial in the soil. Seeds decayed faster at 2.5 cm below the soil surface than at 10.2 cm, but some viable seeds of all species were recovered from both depths after 3 years. The development or maintenance of hard seeds was considered the principle mechanism for seed survival for 3 years in these species.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Imazethapyr in Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Ballard ◽  
Michael E. Foley ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Phloem Mobility ◽  
Lower Plant

Common and giant ragweed are important weeds of soybeans in Indiana. These two weeds respond differently to imazethapyr POST treatments with common ragweed demonstrating more tolerance than giant ragweed. Both plants show initial susceptibility to imazethapyr, but common ragweed can regrow 10 to 14 days following herbicide application. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the factors that contribute to the differential control of common and giant ragweed with imazethapyr. Differential absorption was observed at 72 h, with common ragweed absorbing 52% of the applied14C-imazethapyr and giant ragweed absorbing 39%. The absorption of radioactivity was the same for both species by 672 h. Imazethapyr exhibited both xylem and phloem mobility by translocating both acropetally and basipetally from a treated leaf in giant and common ragweed. A higher percentage of the absorbed radioactivity accumulated in the lower foliage and roots of giant ragweed than common ragweed by 336 h. The rate of imazethapyr metabolism in common ragweed was greater than in giant ragweed. At 336 h, 81 and 68% of the identified radioactivity in the treated leaf was imazethapyr metabolites in common and giant ragweed, respectively. A higher level of the inactive glucose conjugate metabolite was found in the lower plant and root tissues of common ragweed than in giant ragweed. The differential control of common and giant ragweed with foliar applications of imazethapyr was attributed to differences in both translocation and metabolism.

Periodicity of Germination and Emergence of Some Annual Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Annual Weeds

Seeds of yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.) were buried in the soil November 20 and 21, 1966 at Urbana, Illinois for noting emergence of seedlings from April 1 through August 18, 1967. Similarly, seeds of yellow foxtail, ivyleaf morningglory, jimsonweed, velvetleaf, giant ragweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried on October 25, 1968 for emergence observations from April 1 to August 18, 1969. Pennsylvania smartweed, giant ragweed, and common ragweed had large flushes of germination from early April through early May, with no emergence after June 1. Velvetleaf displayed similar early flushes and had additional small flushes of emergence in late May or June. Yellow foxtail seedlings also emerged in April and May in 1969 and in May and June during both years. Common cocklebur seedlings emerged abundantly in April and May but less abundantly in June. Ivyleaf morningglory and jimsonweed displayed flushes of emergence sporadically after May 1. Flushes of emergence for all species which occurred after May 1 were preceded by sufficient rainfall to bring the surface 10 cm of soil to field capacity. Cumulative heat units in the soil above 10 C were not correlated with initiation of emergence for any species. The early emergence was attributed to stimuli from general soil warming while emergence after May 1 was stimulated by favorable soil moisture from rainfall.

Temperature Influences Efficacy, Absorption, and Translocation of 2,4-D or Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Susceptible Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor A. Ganie ◽  
Mithila Jugulam ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Two Temperatures

Glyphosate and 2,4-D have been commonly used for control of common and giant ragweed before planting of corn and soybean in the midwestern United States. Because these herbicides are primarily applied in early spring, environmental factors such as temperature may influence their efficacy. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the influence of temperature on the efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate for common and giant ragweed control and the level of glyphosate resistance and (2) determine the underlying physiological mechanisms (absorption and translocation). Glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and glyphosate-resistant (GR) common and giant ragweed biotypes from Nebraska were used for glyphosate dose–response studies, and GR biotypes were used for 2,4-D dose–response studies conducted at two temperatures (day/night [d/n]; low temperature [LT]: 20/11 C d/n; high temperature [HT]: 29/17 C d/n). Results indicate improved efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate at HT compared with LT for common and giant ragweed control regardless of susceptibility or resistance to glyphosate. The level of glyphosate resistance decreased in both the species at HT compared with LT, primarily due to more translocation at HT. More translocation of 2,4-D in GR common and giant ragweed at HT compared with LT at 96 h after treatment could be the reason for improved efficacy. Similarly, higher translocation in common ragweed and increased absorption and translocation in giant ragweed resulted in greater efficacy of glyphosate at HT compared with LT. It is concluded that the efficacy of 2,4-D or glyphosate for common and giant ragweed control can be improved if applied at warm temperatures (29/17 C d/n) due to increased absorption and/or translocation compared with applications during cooler temperatures (20/11 C d/n).

Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Control in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simranpreet Kaur ◽  
Lowell D. Sandell ◽  
John L. Lindquist ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Rapid Growth Rate

Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed is one of the most competitive weeds of agronomic crops in the United States. Early emergence and rapid growth rate makes giant ragweed a competitive weed early in the season and reduces crop yields. Therefore, early spring control of giant ragweed using a preplant herbicide is critical. Glufosinate is an alternative POST herbicide for weed control in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Field experiments were conducted at David City, NE, in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the efficacy of preplant herbicides followed by glufosinate applied alone or in tank mixes for control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Preplant treatments containing 2,4-D, flumioxazin, glufosinate, paraquat, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone provided 79 to 99% control of giant ragweed 21 d after treatment (DAT), and subsequent application of glufosinate alone or in tank mixes resulted in 90 to 99% control at 21 DAT. Preplant application ofS-metolachlor plus metribuzin or chlorimuron, flumioxazin plus thifensulfuron followed by glufosinate resulted in < 40% control of giant ragweed, and soybean yields were < 870 kg ha−1. Although statistically comparable to several other treatments, preplant application of 2,4-D or saflufenacil tank mixes followed by glufosinate resulted in the highest level of control (> 97%) and soybean yield (2,624 to 3,378 kg ha−1). This study confirms that preplant herbicide options are available for control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed, and a follow-up application of glufosinate will provide season-long control in glufosinate-resistant soybean.

scholarly journals Ambrosia trifida L.: Giant ragweed

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Sava Vrbničanin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Giant Ragweed

Ambrosia trifida L. (AMBTR, fam. Asteraceae/Compositae) is native to North America. It was introduced accidentally to Europe at the end of the 19th century, with contaminated animal feed and seeds for planting. Today A. trifida is present in ruderal and agricultural habitats of many European countries (France, Italy, Germany, Russia, Spain, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Serbia, Bulgaria, etc.). Giant ragweed was detected for the first time in 1981 in Serbia (site Čoka). Over the following period it disappeared from this site, but was recorded again in 2006 in another site (central Bačka: Despotovo, Kucura, Savino Selo, Ravno Selo, Ruski Krstur). Currently in Serbia it has the status of an alien naturalized weed species. This summer annual plant can grow up to 6 m in height and exhibits a high degree of morphological and reproductive plasticity in response to encroachment by neighboring plants. It is present in disturbed habitats, such as agriculture fields, where it plays the role of the dominant species throughout the entire growing season. In most cases, leaves are opposite and always simple and generally have 3 distinct lobes but can also have as many as 5. It is a diploid (2n = 24), meso-hygrophilic species, preferring wet habitatse and can tolerate a wide variety of soil types. Also, this is a monoecious plant, where male and female flowers are separated on the same individual. A. trifida can hybridise with A. artemisiifolia (A. x helenae Rouleau, with 2n= 27 and 2n= 33), but this hybrid has been described as sterile. Compared to other summer annual species, A. trifida is among the first to emerge in early spring, at optimal temperatures from 10-24°C. Under optimal environmental conditions, giant ragweed produces around 1,800 (max 5,100) seeds plant-1. It flowers and bears fruit from July to September (October).The pollen of this species has allergenic potential. Additionally, in the USA and Canada giant ragweed populations have developed resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides and glyphosate. Giant ragweed can be a problematic weed in row crops (corn, soybean, sunflower, sugerbeet) and vegetables. In A. trifida the control measures should prevent further spread, and existing populations should be controlled by integrated weed management practices. Furthermore, A. trifida has a relatively low fecundity, a transient soil seedbank and a high percentage of non-viable or low-survivorship seeds, which are features that may have constrained its establishment and spread in the current environmental conditions in Serbia.

Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) and Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Management in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Spaunhorst ◽  
Simone Siefert-Higgins ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Delay ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Integrated Program

Field experiments were conducted across two locations during 2011 and 2012 to evaluate herbicide options for the control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed and GR waterhemp in dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean. All herbicide treatments provided 91 to 100% control of GR giant ragweed 3 wk after treatment (WAT). Flumioxazin plus dicamba plus glyphosate applied preplant provided greater control and density reduction of GR giant ragweed than flumioxazin plus 2,4-D plus glyphosate. When flumioxazin plus dicamba plus glyphosate were applied preplant, the addition of dicamba to glyphosate at either the early-postemergence (EPOST) or mid-postemergence (MPOST) timing provided greater control and density reduction of GR giant ragweed than glyphosate alone. Regardless of the preplant treatment, delay of EPOST dicamba to the MPOST timing did not influence GR giant ragweed control or density reduction. In the GR waterhemp experiment, dicamba plus glyphosate applied sequentially provided 88 to 89% control and 90% density reduction at the EPOST and MPOST timings compared to only 24% control and 42% density reduction in response to glyphosate applied sequentially. Control and GR waterhemp density reduction did not improve with the addition of acetochlor to either the EPOST or late-postemergence (LPOST) timings. Flumioxazin plus chlorimuron applied PRE followed by dicamba plus glyphosate or dicamba plus glyphosate plus acetochlor provided greater control of GR waterhemp than glyphosate plus fomesafen or glyphosate alone applied EPOST. Results from this research indicate that dicamba applied once or sequentially and when timed appropriately to match the biology of the weed species can be utilized as a component of an integrated program for the management of GR weeds like giant ragweed and waterhemp in DR soybean.

Response of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) to Postemergence Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Ballard ◽  
Michael E. Foley ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Giant Ragweed

A study was conducted to evaluate the response of common and giant ragweed to postemergence applications of imazethapyr using relative growth rate parameters. The relative growth rate was the same for untreated common and giant ragweed through the 21 d harvest interval. Relative growth rates of treated common and giant ragweed were 50% lower than the relative growth rates of untreated ragweeds 21 d after treatment. Between 21 and 56 d after treatment, the relative growth rate of common ragweed declined an additional 13%, while the relative growth rate of giant ragweed declined an additional 38%. The sharp continued decline in the relative growth rate of giant ragweed indicated plant death. The moderation and slight increase in the relative growth rate of common ragweed between 21 and 56 d corresponded with the initiation of lateral axillary buds and the regeneration of plant growth. Relative growth rate parameters identified differences in the response of common and giant ragweed to imazethapyr as early as 21 d after treatment. Relative growth rate demonstrated utility by objectively measuring differences in the growth response of these two weeds that are moderately susceptible to imazethapyr under laboratory conditions.

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