An Explanatory Model of Poverty from the Perspective of Social Psychology and Human Rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Pérez-Muñoz ◽  
Fernando Chacón ◽  
Rosario Martínez Arias

AbstractPoverty is a social problem, entailing not only an economical perspective but above all a human and social issue. Poverty is promoted, justified and maintained by unique individuals and groups by means of our own attitudes, interests and behavior, as well as with our social structures and social relationships. From this interactive, psychosocial and sociostructural perspective, and also considering poverty as a denial of basic human rights (UNDP, 1998), we carried out a study with the primary objective to design and verify an Explanatory Model of Poverty. This research may helps to increase the validity of diagnostics and the effectiveness of interventions. Most of the hypotheses were accepted during the analysis and verification of the Model (p < .001), with data fitting the Model (CFI: 1 RMSEA: .025: LO90: 0 – HI90: .061. RMR: .008). These results, if replicated in new investigations, could have the following implications: (a) the need for a broad and comprehensive definition of poverty including its effects, processes and causes; (b) the need for everybody to accept the social responsibility in the prevention and solution to poverty; and (c) the need to conduct longitudinal interventions with scientific methodology and social participation.

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda E. Howard ◽  
Jack Donnelly

It is often argued that internationally recognized human rights are common to all cultural traditions and adaptable to a great variety of social structures and political regimes. Such arguments confuse human rights with human dignity. All societies possess conceptions of human dignity, but the conception of human dignity underlying international human rights standards requires a particular type of “liberal” regime. This conclusion is reached through a comparison of the social structures of ideal type liberal, minimal, traditional, communist, corporatist and developmental regimes and their impact on autonomy, equality, privacy, social conflict, and the definition of societal membership.


Author(s):  
Naili Sa'ida

<em>This study aims to describe the development of self-regulation of children aged 4-5 years at Kindergarten Dhamawanita Persatuan Pucang Jajar. This study is a qualitative case study in children aged 4-5 years. Data analysis techniques use the model proposed by Miles and Huberman which consists of 3 stages: data reduction, data display, and verification. The research were use multi technique to collect the data use the observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the development of self-regulation developed simultaneously with language skills. Language can really play an important role in determining how children regulate their thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Language facilitates the internalization of children's social structures and rules through their interaction in the social world around them. When children interact with others, their understanding of other people's perspectives and expectations is expanded. This perspective shows that language helps children understand their experiences, as well as the experiences of others, and so it is through language that children connect this information with their own behavior.</em>


Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Sánchez ◽  
Karla V. Kingsley ◽  
Amy Sweet ◽  
Eileen Waldschmidt ◽  
Carlos A. LópezLeiva ◽  
...  

The Teacher Education Collaborative in Language Diversity and Arts Integration (TECLA) initiative prepares elementary teachers at a Southwest majority-minority university. TECLA emerged from a social justice commitment to prepare teachers to work in linguistically and culturally diverse schools. The program integrates interdisciplinary arts-based approaches and culturally sustaining language acquisition strategies throughout the teacher education experience. TECLA conceptualizes social justice through a sociohistorical lens. Social justice is experienced when all people have equitable access to meaningful opportunities to participate in and (re)shape the social structures in which they live and work. TECLA relies on an expanded definition of social justice that includes building on students' home cultures, languages, and experiences to design rigorous educational experiences.


Author(s):  
Elvan Ozkavruk Adanir ◽  
Berna Ileri

Orientalism is a Western and Western-centric broad field of research that studies the social structures, cultures, languages, histories, religions, and geographies of countries to the east of Europe. The term took on a secondary, detrimental association in the 20th century which looks down on the East. However, this chapter will not dwell on the definition of Orientalism that is debated the most; instead, it will discuss the positive contribution of Orientalism to Western culture. Even though the West otherizes the East in daily life, when it comes to desire, vanity, luxury, and flamboyance without hesitating a moment it adopts these very elements from the Eastern culture. It could be said that this adaptation brings these societies closer in one way or another. The highly admired fashion of Orientalism in the West starting from the 17th century until the 21st century will be the focus of this study.


1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail R. Michener

Field observations were conducted in southern Saskatchewan in 1969 and 1971. Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels and their own young engaged predominantly in nasal and cohesive contacts while adults and young from other litters engaged predominantly in agonistic contacts. Identification sometimes occurred at a distance based on the location and behavior of the other animal.Newly emerged juveniles remained close to the home burrow and engaged mainly in non-agonistic interactions with both their mothers and other adults. Not until juveniles were 6–7 weeks old and were familiar with the area used by the mother did they correctly identify adults regardless of where the interaction occurred.


Author(s):  
Karen Lyons ◽  
Nathalie Huegler

The term social exclusion achieved widespread use in Europe from the late twentieth century. Its value as a concept that is different from poverty, with universal relevance, has since been debated. It is used in Western literature about international development, and some authors have linked it to the notion of capabilities. However, it is not widely used in the social work vocabulary. Conversely, the notion of social inclusion has gained in usage and application. This links with values that underlie promotion of empowerment and participation, whether of individuals, groups, or communities. Both terms are inextricably linked to the realities of inequalities within and between societies and to the principles of human rights and social justice that feature in the international definition of social work.


2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Worsley ◽  
Liz Beddoe ◽  
Ken McLaughlin ◽  
Barbra Teater

Abstract The anticipated change of social work regulator in England from the Health and Care Professions Council to Social Work England in 2019 will herald the third, national regulator in seven years for the social work profession. Social Work England will be a new, bespoke, professionally specific regulator established as a non-departmental public body with a primary objective to protect the public. Looking globally, we can observe different approaches to the regulation of the social work profession—and many different stages of the profession’s regulatory journey between countries. Using a comparative policy analysis approach and case studies, this article looks more closely at three countries’ arrangements and attempts to understand why regulation might take the shape it does in each country. The case studies examine England, the USA (as this has a state approach, we focus on New York) and New Zealand, with contributions from qualified social work authors located within each country. We consider that there are three key elements to apply to analysis: definition of role and function, the construction of the public interest and the attitude to risk.


Author(s):  
Emile G. McAnany

This chapter describes a fourth paradigm that has arisen in the social change and development arena over the past two decades: social entrepreneurship (SE). It begins with an overview of disagreements over the definition of SE, along with the origins of the concept. It then considers what is new about the SE paradigm and how it might be incorporated into the field of communication for development (c4d). It also evaluates four projects that highlight innovations to serve people and the kinds of social entrepreneurship that they have incorporated: Indonesia's Radio 68H; Grameen Foundation's village phone initiative in Uganda; the Barefoot College of Tilonia in Rajastan, India; Witness, a human rights advocacy group founded by musician Peter Gabriel. Drawing on the case of SE, the chapter concludes by asking how paradigms in communication work.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yumara Lucia Vasconcelos ◽  
Edson Carneiro de Miranda ◽  
Breno Gustavo Valadares Lins ◽  
Maria José de Sena

ResumoEsta pesquisa foi instigada pela seguinte questão problematizante: de que maneira as pessoas percebem o assédio moral nas organizações? Complementarmente: qual a repercussão social do fenômeno? Assim, movida por essas reflexões, objetivou-se discutir a percepção da sociedade acerca do fenômeno do assédio moral no ambiente corporativo, a partir da análise de literatura e da pesquisa de campo empreendida. Especificamente, visou-se caracterizar o assédio moral nos ambientes corporativos, analisando as possíveis origens do problema e respectiva repercussão social. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, exploratório-descritivo, tomou por base o levantamento de campo realizado junto a 100 trabalhadores, arguindo-os acerca das características do assédio moral, da definição de papéis na experiência observada ou vivenciada (assediador, assediado, expectador), das reações esboçadas, dos efeitos provocados pelo fenômeno e medidas consideradas eficazes na solução do problema. A investigação tem sua justificativa assentada na necessidade de monitorar a evolução e contornos do fenômeno. Como principal resultado, o estudo apresentou as formas de assédio percebidas por esses, impacto decorrente na vida das vítimas e possíveis medidas preventivas. As opções e narrativas desvelam cenários variados de violência no mundo do trabalho, ressonando significativamente na vida do trabalhador. As estratégias abrigadas pelo assédio moral foram variadas, explícitas e não explícitas, sinalização que reclama uma contextualização efetiva quando da formação do conjunto fático-probatório. Conduta lesiva à harmonia social, os impactos ressaltados no estudo perpassam o âmbito corporativo, atingindo as relações sociais em plano maior.Palavras-chave: Assédio Moral. Dignidade. Organizações.AbstractThis research was instigated by the following problematizing question: How do people perceive bullying in organizations? Complementarily: what is the social repercussion of the phenomenon? Thus, based on these reflections, the objective was to discuss the society perception about the moral harassment phenomenon in the corporate environment, based on literature analysis and field research undertaken. Specifically, it aimed to characterize moral harassment in corporate environments, analyzing the possible origins of the problem and its social repercussion. The qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study was based on a field survey of 100 workers, arguing about the characteristics of moral harassment, the definition of roles in the experience observed or lived (harasser, harassed,spectator). the outlined reactions , the effects caused by the phenomenon and measures considered effective in solving the problem. The investigation has its justification based on the need to monitor the evolution and contours of the phenomenon. As a main result, the study presented the perceived forms of harassment, the resulting impact on the victims’ lives and possible preventive measures. The options and narratives reveal varied scenarios of violence in the world of work, resonating significantly in the worker’s life. The strategies sheltered by bullying were varied, explicit and not explicit, signaling that demands an effective contextualization upon the formation of the factual-probatory set. Detrimental conduct to social harmony, the impacts highlighted in the study permeate the corporate sphere, reaching social relationships in a larger plane.Keywords: Moral Harassment. Dignity. Organizations.


Author(s):  
Haldun Gülalp

Briefly defined, secularism is a political principle that aims to guarantee citizens the right to freedom of ‘conscience and religion’, as spelled out in international human rights documents (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 18; European Convention on Human Rights, Article 9). Although only implicit in these documents, this right also includes freedom from religion. Secularism, then, entails the existence of a political space separate from and independent of religions for the purpose of negotiating common issues and areas of concern, so that the social and political needs of all religious and irreligious members of society may be met. This is a normative definition of a principle designed to maintain and promote peace in a diverse society. A variety of institutional arrangements may protect this principle. Within Europe alone we see several different models, as we do in other parts of the world (Madeley and Enyedi 2003; Bhargava 2005). Alongside this definition there is also another one, in which secularism indicates religion’s subordination to the temporal power of the state.


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