Ultrastructure of the tegument of the metacercaria ofTimoniella imbutiforme

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E.M. El-Darsh ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Body ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Normal Configuration ◽  
Secretory Gland ◽  
Tegumental Syncytium ◽  
Somatic Muscles ◽  
Sensory Endings

AbstractThe spinous body tegument of the metacercaria ofTimoniella imbutiforme(Molin, 1859) is described in detail and found to comprise an outer tegumental syncytium connected to subjacently situated subtegumentary ‘cells’. There are four types of secretory bodies in the outer syncytial layer as well as serrated overlapping spines and mitochondria. The subtegumentary ‘cells’ are characterized by the presence of four secretory body types as well as giant bodies which may be involved in the elaboration of the secretory bodies or spine material. The normal configuration of the somatic muscles ofT. imbutiformeshow that the muscular machinery necessary for activity once the larval stage becomes excysted is already in place. The sensory endings are found to be of the uniciliate type occurring in groups of up to eight in raised domes distributed over the body. Secretory gland cells are numerous and possess long ducts connected to the basal lamina of the outer syncytial layer via septate desmosomes.

Gill and Body Surface Areas of the Carp in relation to Body Mass, With Special Reference To The Metabolism-Size Relationship

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIN OIKAWA ◽  
YASUO ITAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships of resting metabolism per unit mass of body to gill and body surface areas were examined by measuring gill, body surface and fin areas of carp ranging from 0.0016 to 2250g. There was a triphasic allometry for the relationship between gill area and body mass: during the prelarval (0.0016–0.003 g) and postlarval (0.003–0.2g) stages there was a positive allometry (slopes of 7.066 and 1.222, respectively), during the juvenile and later stages (0.2–2250 g) there was a negative allometry with a slope of 0.794. There was a diphasic negative allometry for the relationship between surface area of the body or the fins and body mass, with a slope of 0.596 or 0.523 during the larval stage and 0.664 or 0.724 during the juvenile and later stages, respectively. Except for the 3rd phase (juvenile to adult) of gill area, these slopes were significantly different (P<0.01) from the slope for the relationship between resting metabolism and body mass of intact carp (0.84; value from Winberg, 1956). It is considered, therefore, that gill, body surface and fin areas do not directly regulate the resting metabolism of the fish, in the larval stage at least.

The Composition of the Body Fat of Small Green Chironomids

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
D. N. GRINDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

The body fat of the midge, Tanytarsus lewisi (Chironomidae), has been analysed, and has been found to contain major amounts of polyethenoid fatty acids normally associated with the fat of fish. It is interesting to note that this insect does all its feeding while in the larval stage on the bed of the river, under water, and that the body fat resembles that of algae, and plankton, which probably are the main sources of food, and differs considerably from the composition of most terrestrial insects hitherto recorded.

Memoirs: The Origin and Nature of the Egg Membranes in Chirocephalus Diaphanus

1938 ◽  
Vol s2-80 (320) ◽  
pp. 553-565
Author(s):  
MARY L. MAWSON ◽  
C. M. YONGE
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Duct Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Egg Case ◽  
Chirocephalus Diaphanus ◽  
Uterine Glands

1. The anatomy of the female reproductive system in Chirocephalus diaphanus is described with especial reference to the paired anterior and posterior masses of uterine glands. 2. The gland-cells are arranged in pairs surrounded by a common membrane and served by a single duct formed by a separate duct-cell, representing possibly an ingrowth of the uterine epithelium. 3. The glands increase greatly in size during development owing to the formation of a granular secretion which is apparently formed in the nucleus and gradually displaces the original cytoplasm. 4. The egg-case consists of an inner membrane which is chitinous and is formed by the oviducal epithelium, and an outer thicker, rugose membrane which is non-chitinous and is secreted by the uterine glands. 5. Attention is drawn to the close resemblance to conditions in the Decapoda. The inner membrane in both cases is chitinous and formed in the oviduct, while the uterine secretion has much in common with the secretion of the cement glands, but is concerned with protection only and not also with attachment to the body of the female.

On the structure of corpuscular proprioceptive endings in sharks

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Bone ◽  
A. D. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Endings

Proprioceptive endings associated with the locomotor musculature are apparently extremely uncommon in fishes. Muscle spindles are absent, and only in elasmobranchs have sensory endings of two types been recognized as proprioceptive. One of these, found in sharks, is the coiled corpuscular ending first observed by Wunderer (1908) at the bases of the fins in various species. This type of ending also occurs sub-cutaneously along the body, superficial to the myocommata (Bone, 1964). Lowenstein (1956) examined the responses of the endings associated with the fin bases, and showed that they were slowly adapting mechanoreceptors, functioning as second order proprioceptors since as the fin was bent, so the connective tissue amongst which the endings lie was stretched or compressed, and the receptor discharged.

Light microscopical and cytochemical study on the adhesive and epidermal gland cell secretions of the branchiobdellid Cambarincola fallax (Annelida: Clitellata)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2057-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Gelder ◽  
J. P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Basic Protein ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Adhesive Organs ◽  
Epidermal Gland

Eight types of gland cells are present in six different epidermal glands in the branchiobdellid Cambarincola fallax. The anterior and posterior adhesive organs are both composed of viscid and releaser adhesive gland cell types, and their secretions open onto the anterior attachment site on the ventral surface of the ventral peristomial lip and onto the posterior attachment disc, respectively. The secretion granules of the viscid gland cell type are composed of neutral mucosubstances with basic proteins containing arginine and (or) lysine; the releaser gland cell type contains basic proteinaceous granules with a tryptophan component. These adhesive glands are very similar to duo-gland adhesive organs described elsewhere. Use of the term "sucker" should be discontinued as there is no suctorial mechanism at the anterior attachment site and only circumstantial evidence of such action at the posterior disc. Two epidermal gland cell types occur together in groups of two to four cells at sites scattered over the body surface except in trunk segments 6 and 7. One of these epidermal gland cell types produces granular secretions formed of neutral mucosubstances with a basic protein component, and the other produces globular secretions composed of a carboxylated acid mucosubstance. Secretions from the peristomial gland cells open onto the dorsal and ventral lips. The posterolateral gland cells form three pairs: two pairs in segment 8 and one pair in segment 9. Both peristomial and posterolateral gland cells have granular secretions composed of neutral mucosubstances with a basic protein component. The two types of clitellar gland cells are arranged in groups of 7 to 13 cells with a granular secretion type predominating over one with globular secretions. The granular type consists of neutral mucosubstances with amyloid-like and strong basic protein components, and the globular type consists of a carboxylated acid mucosubstance with a nonbasic protein component.

Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2081 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA CRISTINA DA SILVA ◽  
FRANCISCO JOSÉ VICTOR DE CASTRO ◽  
MARIANA DA FONSECA CAVALCANTI ◽  
VERÔNICA DA FONSÊCA-GENEVOIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Body ◽  
Irregular Distribution ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments

In deep-sea sediments from Campos Basin two new species of Spirinia were found. Spirinia lara sp. n. is mainly characterized by the presence of paired somatic papillae linked to gland cells and distributed all over the body while Spirinia sophia sp. n. possesses an irregular distribution of these glandular somatic papillae.

The ultrastructure of the cuticle of the nematode Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802). II. Modifications of the cuticle in the head end

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dick ◽  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Structural Role ◽  
Mouth Cavity ◽  
Median Zone ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Somatic Muscles

The head region of the pinworm Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) has been examined to determine the nature of modification of the cuticle responsible for, or associated with, lips and buccal capsule, cephalic papillae and amphids, cephalic inflations, and cervical alae. The median zone of the cuticle was found to be the most modified and variation in the extent and distribution of striated material is compatible with its proposed structural role. The variations found are probably related to compensation for stresses that may develop in the cuticle during the complex movements of the head end. Lips are only inconspicuous expansions of the body wall cuticle, while esophageal cuticle is strikingly different in appearance. It is proposed to refer to all regions of the mouth cavity bounded by both the lips and esophagus as the buccal capsule while only the limited region bounded by body wall cuticle may be referred to as stoma. A mechanism involving three groups of intrahypodermal cytoskeletal filaments attached to the tips of somatic muscles, esophagus, and cuticle is proposed to move the lips.

Ultrastructural changes to the tegumental system and gastrodermal cells of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment in vivo with a commercial preparation of myrrh (Mirazid)

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.O. Abdelaal ◽  
G.P. Brennan ◽  
A. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
I. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Somatic Muscle ◽  
Secretory Body ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Tegumental Syncytium

AbstractAn in vivo study in the laboratory rat model has been carried out to monitor changes to the tegument and gut of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment with myrrh (‘Mirazid’). Rats infected with the triclabendazole-resistant Dutch isolate were dosed orally with Mirazid at a concentration of 250 mg/kg and flukes recovered 2, 3 and 7 days post-treatment (pt). The flukes were processed for examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A variety of changes to the external surface were observed, culminating in the sloughing of the tegumental syncytium. Internal changes to the syncytium and tegumental cell bodies were more severe and were evident from 2 days pt onwards. Swelling of the basal infolds (leading to flooding of the surface layer) and a decline in secretory body production were the major changes seen. The gastrodermal cells were less severely affected than the tegument, pointing to a trans-tegumental route of uptake for Mirazid by the fluke. Some loss of muscle fibres in the main somatic muscle layers was observed, which may be correlated with the decline in movement of flukes seen at recovery.

scholarly journals Spiroplasma citri Movement into the Intestines and Salivary Glands of Its Leafhopper Vector, Circulifer tenellus

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1144-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Ok Kwon ◽  
Astri C. Wayadande ◽  
Jacqueline Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Spiroplasma Citri ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

Spiroplasma citri, a helical, wall-less prokaryote in the class Molli-cutes, is transmitted by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Invasion of leafhopper tissues and cytopathological effects by S. citri were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All eight cell types of the principle salivary glands, as well as the adjacent muscle cells and the cells of the accessory salivary glands, were colonized by the spiroplas-mas. In both midgut epithelia and salivary gland cells, spiroplasmas usually occurred in membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles that often were located near the cell periphery. In several salivary gland cells, spiroplas-mas were also observed within membranous pockets apparently formed by invagination of the plasmalemma beneath intact basal lamina. These observations are consistent with spiroplasma entry into the insect cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cytopathological effects of spiroplasma infection in salivary cells included loss of membrane and basal lamina integrity, presence in some cells of irregular inclusion-like structures containing dense matrices of filamentous material that labeled with anti S. citri antibodies, and apparent disorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum. Compared to the tightly aligned fiber bundles in healthy muscle cells, bundles in spiroplasma-containing muscle cells appeared fragmented and loosely arranged. Such symptoms could contribute to the reduction in longevity and fecundity that has been previously reported for S. citri-infected C. tenellus.

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