The ultrastructure of the cuticle of the nematode Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802). II. Modifications of the cuticle in the head end

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dick ◽  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Structural Role ◽  
Mouth Cavity ◽  
Median Zone ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Somatic Muscles

The head region of the pinworm Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) has been examined to determine the nature of modification of the cuticle responsible for, or associated with, lips and buccal capsule, cephalic papillae and amphids, cephalic inflations, and cervical alae. The median zone of the cuticle was found to be the most modified and variation in the extent and distribution of striated material is compatible with its proposed structural role. The variations found are probably related to compensation for stresses that may develop in the cuticle during the complex movements of the head end. Lips are only inconspicuous expansions of the body wall cuticle, while esophageal cuticle is strikingly different in appearance. It is proposed to refer to all regions of the mouth cavity bounded by both the lips and esophagus as the buccal capsule while only the limited region bounded by body wall cuticle may be referred to as stoma. A mechanism involving three groups of intrahypodermal cytoskeletal filaments attached to the tips of somatic muscles, esophagus, and cuticle is proposed to move the lips.

The ultrastructure of the cuticle of the nematode Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802). III. Cuticle associated with the male reproductive structures

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dick ◽  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Material Forming ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Effective Transmission

Mamelons of male Syphacia obvelata are ventrally situated copulatory structures bounded by cuticle, and internally composed of muscles. Extracuticular spines are found at the apex of each annulus making up the mamelon. The cloaca is formed by an invagination of body wall cuticle, as is the spicule sheath (a portion of the cloacal wall surrounding the free end of the spicule). The spicule, accessory piece, and papillae are innervated and probably function as mechanoreceptors facilitating the positioning of the cloacal region over the vulva during copulation. Dense material forming the gubernaculum, spicule, and accessory piece is distinct from the body wall cuticle. The cortex and basal zones are apposed around the cloacal opening and probably strengthen this area. On the other hand, cuticle lining the cloaca is composed of cortex and an expanded inner zone of matrix material. This matrix material would allow considerable modification in the shape of the cloacal wall during copulation. The apposition of cortex and basal zones over the tip of anal papillae would ensure effective transmission of pressures to the nerve process.

The ultrastructure of the cuticle of the nematode Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802). I. The body cuticle of larvae, males,and females, and observations on its development

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dick ◽  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Median Zone ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Body Cuticle ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata

The body cuticle of Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) has been examined with light and electron microscopy through larval and adult stages. In all stages the cuticle consists of a cortex, and median and basal zones. Material showing transverse striations with 180–220 Å periodicity (striated material) occurs in the median zone of larvae and young adults. However, progressive growth and deposition of more striated material results in the cuticle of older females appearing markedly different from the cuticle of the short-lived males. Striated material is concluded to be formed of bands of approximately circular discs. Overlap of such bands produces the various patterns seen in sections. Similarities between methods of formation of striated material and other cuticular components are noted between molting periods and the growth phase of females. The presence of intracuticular tubules and external longitudinal ridges is noted.

The ultrastructure of the cuticle of the nematode Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802). IV. The cuticle associated with the female excretory pore, vulva, and vagina vera

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dick ◽  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Cortical Zone ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Initial Force

The cuticle forming the excretory pore complex and the vulva and vagina vera in female Syphacia obvelata is formed by body wall cuticle. The nature of the cuticle surrounding the excretory pore and forming the bladder, and tile absence of a muscular system to control the complex suggest that internal pressure (probably hydrostatic) is the generating force for fluid expulsion. The lumens of the vulva and vagina vera are lined by and continuous with the cortical zone of the body wall cuticle. The lumens of both the vulva and vagina vera are tetraradiate. The arrangement of the cuticle at the proximal end of the vagina vera allows for a mechanical means of ejecting eggs (the functional ovijector). The initial force to move eggs up to the ovijector is from the muscles surrounding the vagina vera.

Buccal capsule of Zeldia punctata (Nemata: Cephalobidae): an ultrastructural study

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Baldwin ◽  
C. D. Eddleman
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Capsule Wall ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Dorsal Gland ◽  
Electron Lucent

The ultrastructure of the buccal capsule of the microbivorous soil nematode Zeldia punctata demonstrates important differences and possible homologies with that of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In Z. punctata the buccal capsule wall is separated into an anterior to posterior series of six cuticular rhabdions. The most anterior, rhabdion 1, the cheilorhabdion, is continuous with the body-wall cuticle and is produced by the adjacent syncytial hypodermis (=epidermis). Rhabdion 2 is underlain by a stack of two nonpharyngeal arcade synctyia and, in this respect, resembles the prorhabdion of C. elegans. Rhabdion 3 includes six electron-lucent rods and is surrounded by muscle designated ma, whereas rhabdions 4 and 5 are characterized by an electron-lucent marbling and each is surrounded by three muscles designated mb and mc, respectively. In Z. punctata the dorsal gland opens into the lumen of the buccal capsule near the base of rhabdion 5, whereas in C. elegans it occurs farther posteriorly, near the base of the buccal capsule. Rhabdion 6 is electron dense and is surrounded by the md muscles. The ma and mb muscles in Z. punctata are hypothesized as homologues of the epithelial cells e1 and e3 in C. elegans, but alternative testable hypotheses are also proposed.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the buccal capsule in the adult female Anguillicoloides crassus (Nematoda: Anguillicolidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bruňanská ◽  
H. Fagerholm ◽  
F. Moravec ◽  
Z. Vasilková
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anguillicoloides Crassus

Abstract The fine structure of the buccal capsule of the adult female nematode Anguillicoloides crassus (Spirurina) was studied for the first time. Results are based on serial section (longitudinal and transverse) light and transmission electron microscopy. The buccal capsule of A. crassus is a cuticular-lined structure. It can be divided into three main parts: cheilostom, gymnostom and stegostom. The cheilostom is the anterior region of the buccal capsule with the cuticular lining continuous with the body wall cuticle and underlain by epidermal syncytia. The gymnostom is a cuticular region with portions of it very electron dense and underlain by arcade syncytia. A dense circumoral cylinder together with the circumpharyngeal ring represent the prominent characters of the gymnostom. The stegostom is formed by anterior pharyngeal cuticle underlain by muscular radial cells and epithelial marginal cells. The cephalic cuticle of A. crassus makes a direct contact with the pharyngeal cuticle at the base of the circumoral cylinder, within a circumpharyngeal ring containing projections of pharyngeal muscular and marginal cells. The circumoral cylinder, circumpharyngeal ring and pharynx are connected to the body epidermis by junctional complexes. The buccal capsule includes occasionally 3 projections of the pharynx evidently observed in serial cross sections. These ultrastructural characters may provide useful data for comparative, functional as well as evolutionary studies within the Chromadorea.

Head waving in Aplysia californica. II. Functional anatomy and muscular activity during behaviour.

1994 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
F M Kuenzi ◽  
T J Carew
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Muscle Fascicles

Bending and twisting movements of the body during head-waving behaviour of the sea hare Aplysia californica are produced by the concerted action of the muscles of the body wall on the hydrostatic skeleton formed by the haemocoel and internal organs. In this study, we describe the orientations and possible mechanical actions of muscles in the body wall. We also describe the spatial and temporal patterns of longitudinal muscle activity during different head-waving movements in a freely moving animal. The body-wall muscles are arranged as a network of longitudinal, circular and left- and right-handed helical muscle fascicles. Each fascicle consists of a few to several hundred muscle fibres enclosed in a connective tissue sheath. The sheath also connects muscle fascicles of different orientations at the points where they cross, forming a tightly connected network. In addition, a series of large longitudinal muscle fascicles, including the lateral columellar muscles, lies against the inside wall of the dorsal hemicylinder of the animal. In animals with hydrostatic skeletons, longitudinal and circular muscles are necessary for producing all basic elongation, shortening and bending movements, and in Aplysia, the extensive distribution of helical muscles provides the animal with the ability to twist its body about the longitudinal axis, as is observed during horizontal head-waving movements. Muscle activity in the lateral muscles is antiphasically coordinated during horizontal bends, and when the animal is bent to one side, movement towards the centre is accompanied by muscle activity on the side of shortening, i.e. there is no passive return to centre. The muscles near the holdfast are the most active during head-waving movements, with relatively little activity in the head region. The activity of dorsal muscles corresponds to both the existing vertical posture of the body and to discrete dorsal bending movements. In most cases, depression of the head is passive, i.e. both dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles relax, although foot muscles may also be involved. These observations, together with the constancy of the hydrostatic pressure in the haemocoel during all movements in animals attached to the substratum, suggest specific patterns of motor neurone coordination during different movements.

Lymphangiomatosis of the Body Wall: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Chylothorax and Fatal Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moerman ◽  
Chris Van Geet ◽  
Hugo Devlieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals A screen for genetic loci required for body-wall muscle development during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-498
Author(s):  
J Ahnn ◽  
A Fire
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Genetic Loci

Abstract We have used available chromosomal deficiencies to screen for genetic loci whose zygotic expression is required for formation of body-wall muscle cells during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. To test for muscle cell differentiation we have assayed for both contractile function and the expression of muscle-specific structural proteins. Monoclonal antibodies directed against two myosin heavy chain isoforms, the products of the unc-54 and myo-3 genes, were used to detect body-wall muscle differentiation. We have screened 77 deficiencies, covering approximately 72% of the genome. Deficiency homozygotes in most cases stain with antibodies to the body-wall muscle myosins and in many cases muscle contractile function is observed. We have identified two regions showing distinct defects in myosin heavy chain gene expression. Embryos homozygous for deficiencies removing the left tip of chromosome V fail to accumulate the myo-3 and unc-54 products, but express antigens characteristic of hypodermal, pharyngeal and neural development. Embryos lacking a large region on chromosome III accumulate the unc-54 product but not the myo-3 product. We conclude that there exist only a small number of loci whose zygotic expression is uniquely required for adoption of a muscle cell fate.

scholarly journals Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of Sarcophaga peregrina humoral lectin induced on injury of the body wall.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (22) ◽  
pp. 12228-12233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Takahashi ◽  
H Komano ◽  
N Kawaguchi ◽  
N Kitamura ◽  
S Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing
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