Environmental and Agronomic Effects on the Growth of Four Peanut Cultivars in a Sub-tropical Environment. I. Dry Matter Accumulation and Radiation Use Efficiency

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bell ◽  
G. C. Wright ◽  
G. R. Harch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Radiation Use

SummaryFour peanut cultivars of Spanish or Virginia botanical type and varying time to maturity were grown at a range of plant densities (44 000 to 352 000 plants ha-1) and spatial arrangements under irrigated conditions in sub-tropical southern Queensland, Australia. Total and pod dry matter production of the very early maturing Spanish cultivar Chico showed strong positive responses to increased plant density up to the highest density tested. Responses were less pronounced for the later maturing Spanish cultivar McCubbin and were minimal for the Virginia cultivars Early Bunch and Mani Pintar. All cultivars were insensitive to spatial arrangements. Accumulation of total dry matter, adjusted for the higher synthesis costs of oil and protein during seed filling, was well correlated to intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Much of the variation in dry matter production among cultivars and plant populations could be accounted for by the effects of differing leaf area duration on cumulative intercepted PAR. Radiation use efficiency was negatively associated with the canopy extinction coefficient (k) within most sowing dates, and also negatively associated with minimum temperature across sowing dates for all cultivars except Mani Pintar.Crecimiento y eficacia del use de radiación en el maní

scholarly journals Responses of Young Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones to Drought and Temperature. II. Dry Matter Production and Partitioning

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Burgess ◽  
M. K. V. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYThe physiological basis for differences in yields from well-watered and draughted plants of four contrasting clones of tea was studied in terms of light interception, dry matter production and partitioning at a high altitude site in Southern Tanzania where there are marked seasonal variations in rainfall and temperature. The plant dry weights, including roots, were measured eight months after field planting and subsequently at intervals of three to four months, corresponding to the different seasons, during the following two years. Fully irrigated plants of one clone (S15/10) were also harvested after four years in the field. Clones differed in the rates of canopy spread and hence in their capacity to intercept solar radiation. The ‘radiation use efficiency’ (the net total dry matter production per unit of intercepted short-wave radiation) was similar for the four well-watered clones and ranged from 0.40 to 0.66 g MJ−1, which corresponds closely to values reported for other woody tropical plants. A 16-week drought treatment imposed two years after planting reduced the mean light interception of the four clones by about 25% and the mean radiation use efficiency by 78% to 0.09 g MJ−1. Clone S15/10, a cultivar from Kenya which produces large yields, partitioned a greater proportion of dry matter to leaves and harvested shoots than the other clones, and correspondingly less to large structural roots. This resulted in a maximum harvest index of 24%, substantially greater than other values reported in the literature. There were seasonal differences in partitioning, with more dry matter being diverted to roots and less to shoots during the cool season. Although the drought treatments had no significant effect on root growth, the amount of dry matter partitioned to leaves, stems and harvested shoots declined by 80–95%. The roots of all four clones extended in depth at similar rates (about 2 mm d−1), those of Clone S15/10 reaching 2.8m after four years. The results are discussed in terms of appropriate field cultural practices and possible selection criteria for high yielding clones.

scholarly journals Dry matter production and radiation use efficiency of pulses grown under different light conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
KN Manoj ◽  
MR Umesh ◽  
YM Ramesh ◽  
SR Anand ◽  
Sangu Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of varying light conditions on growth, morphology and seed yield of pulses. Treatments consisted of 50, 75 and 100% of the full sunlight tested in pigeonpea, cowpea, lablab and blackgram species. Under field condition, artificial shade was created by erecting white nylon nets at 30 days and maintained until final harvest. Results showed that shading at both 50 and 75% of the full sunlight had significant (p < 0.05) negative effect on leaf area index (16 - 35%), total dry matter production (11 - 18%), grain yield (19 - 32%) of pulses over full sunlight. However, radiation use efficiency (RUE) of pulses based on either grain or biomass production was higher in shade plants. Pigeonpea and lablab were relatively shade tolerant compared to cowpea and blackgram with potential crops for growth under reduced light environment conditions.

scholarly journals Responses of Young Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones to Drought and Temperature. II. Dry Matter Production and Partitioning

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Burgess ◽  
M. K. V. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYThe physiological basis for differences in yields from well-watered and draughted plants of four contrasting clones of tea was studied in terms of light interception, dry matter production and partitioning at a high altitude site in Southern Tanzania where there are marked seasonal variations in rainfall and temperature. The plant dry weights, including roots, were measured eight months after field planting and subsequently at intervals of three to four months, corresponding to the different seasons, during the following two years. Fully irrigated plants of one clone (S15/10) were also harvested after four years in the field. Clones differed in the rates of canopy spread and hence in their capacity to intercept solar radiation. The ‘radiation use efficiency’ (the net total dry matter production per unit of intercepted short-wave radiation) was similar for the four well-watered clones and ranged from 0.40 to 0.66 g MJ−1, which corresponds closely to values reported for other woody tropical plants. A 16-week drought treatment imposed two years after planting reduced the mean light interception of the four clones by about 25% and the mean radiation use efficiency by 78% to 0.09 g MJ−1. Clone S15/10, a cultivar from Kenya which produces large yields, partitioned a greater proportion of dry matter to leaves and harvested shoots than the other clones, and correspondingly less to large structural roots. This resulted in a maximum harvest index of 24%, substantially greater than other values reported in the literature. There were seasonal differences in partitioning, with more dry matter being diverted to roots and less to shoots during the cool season. Although the drought treatments had no significant effect on root growth, the amount of dry matter partitioned to leaves, stems and harvested shoots declined by 80–95%. The roots of all four clones extended in depth at similar rates (about 2 mm d−1), those of Clone S15/10 reaching 2.8m after four years. The results are discussed in terms of appropriate field cultural practices and possible selection criteria for high yielding clones.

Single Leaf Carbon Exchange and Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency of Four Peanut Cultivars1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
T. R. Sinclair ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract Knowledge of the interception of solar radiation by crop canopies and the use of that radiation for carbon assimilation is essential for understanding crop growth and yield as a function of the environment. A field experiment was conducted in 1990 at Gainesville, FL to determine if differences in single leaf carbon exchange rate (CER), canopy radiation interception, radiation use efficiency (g dry matter produced per unit of solar radiation intercepted), and increase in seed harvest index with time exist among several commonly grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Four cultivars (Early Bunch, Florunner, Marc I, and Southern Runner) were grown in field plots on a Kendrick fine sand (a loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Paleudult) under fully irrigated, intensive management. Total crop and seed dry matter accumulation were determined, and canopy radiation interception measured at weekly intervals. CER of uppermost, fully expanded sunlit leaves were determined at midday at 2-wk intervals. Single leaf CER's were similar among cultivars (25 to 35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and relatively stable throughout most of the season, before declining during late seed filling. Although interception of radiation differed somewhat among cultivars during early canopy development, total crop dry matter accumulation was linearly related to the cumulative amount of radiation intercepted by all four cultivars (r2=≥0.99). Radiation use efficiency was similar among all cultivars with a mean of 1.00 g dry matter accumulated per MJ of intercepted solar radiation. The increase in seed harvest index with time was linear (r2≤0.94) and the rates of increase were similar among the Early Bunch, Florunner, and Marc I cultivars (0.0058 d-1), but lower (0.0043 d-1) for the later maturing Southern Runner cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the primary differences among these four cultivars were in early-season development of the leaf canopy and resultant radiation interception and the rate of seed growth, rather than the capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide.

RESPONSES OF TEA TO ENVIRONMENT IN KENYA. 2. DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND PARTITIONING

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Ng'etich ◽  
W. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation ◽  
Environment Experiment ◽  
Radiation Use

In a genotype × environment experiment at four sites with four tea (Camellia sinensis) clones in Kericho, Kenya, differences in ground cover and total dry matter production and partitioning were found between clones and between sites. The major contributor to these differences was the daily intercepted solar radiation that differed by as much as 30% between sites. Differences in radiation use efficiency (RUE) between the sites were small, but varied from 0.3 to 0.45 g MJ−1 between the clones. The rate of dry matter production was affected by the prevailing weather conditions. During the dry seasons the rate of dry matter production differed between the sites and clones by a maximum of 2 g m−2 d−1. Harvest indices were found to vary between the sites and increased with time. Partitioning to harvested shoots ranged from 10% for clone TN14-3 to a maximum of 19% in clone S15/10 at site 4. Partitioning to roots showed distinct differences between clones, being least in clone S15/10 (10–20%) compared with 15–32% in other clones. Rooting depths were greatly influenced by the prevailing temperatures.

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