Development of Quaternary travertines in the carbonate mountains of the western Costa del Sol, Málaga, southern Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Antonio Guerra-Merchán ◽  
Francisco Serrano ◽  
José M. García-Aguilar ◽  
José E. Ortiz ◽  
Trinidad Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The South ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
The North

AbstractThe predominantly carbonate nature of the mountains near the coast of Málaga and Marbella (Costa del Sol, southern Spain) and the presence of springs have favored the formation of travertine buildups during the Quaternary. The geomorphic characteristics of the slopes and the location of the springs have determined the development of three types of travertine growths: (1) spring travertines, located preferentially on the south mountainside, where the slope is steepest; (2) pool-dam-cascade travertines, which form along the north and east edges, far from the carbonate relief and with a gentler slope; and (3) river-valley travertines, formed in the courses of the springs of any sector. Field observations combined with new amino acid racemization (AAR) dating of Helicidae gastropods show that most of the travertine formations are polyphasic and that their development was interrupted by stages of erosion and incision. Five stages of travertine development are evident, most of which are related to warm, moist episodes corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 7, 5, 3, and 1, although local travertine growth also occurred during MIS 6 and during the transition from MIS 3 to 2.

scholarly journals Interpreting Topographic Map Evidence Related to Northeast Nebraska Barbed Tributaries and Drainage Routes, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The South ◽  
Reversed Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Missouri River Valley

Northeast Nebraska barbed tributaries include north-oriented streams flowing to the south-oriented Missouri River and south-oriented streams flowing to the north-oriented Missouri River tributaries. Detailed topographic maps were used to determine how these northeast Nebraska drainage routes originated. A giant south-oriented supra-glacial melt water river is interpreted to have sliced an ice-walled and bedrock-floored canyon into a decaying ice sheet’s surface where eastern South Dakota’s east-facing Missouri Escarpment and west-facing Prairie Coteau escarpment are now located and to have flowed from that canyon’s mouth across northeast Nebraska while South Dakota’s north-facing Pine Ridge Escarpment is interpreted to be the south wall of a large east-oriented valley that was eroded headward across immense southeast-oriented ice-marginal melt water floods which had originally flowed across northeast Nebraska. Prior to Missouri River valley headward erosion these two different immense melt water floods created and then flowed across a low relief and low gradient northeast Nebraska topographic surface. Present day northeast Nebraska topography developed when the deep south-oriented Missouri River valley and its south-oriented tributary valleys eroded headward into this low relief and low gradient topographic surface. As the deep Missouri River valley eroded headward it beheaded shallow south-oriented flood flow channels supplying water to new and actively eroding south-oriented Missouri River tributary valleys and water on north ends of the beheaded channels reversed flow direction to move toward the much deeper Missouri River valley. Water still moving in south directions adjacent to these reversed flow channels was then captured leading to development of south-oriented tributaries to the north-oriented streams.

scholarly journals Remarks on the Quaternary geology of Jameson Land and adjacent areas, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
S Funder
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Geology ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

During the summer of 1971 mapping of Quatemary geology was carried out in the eastem part of the Scoresby Sund region: along the coasts of Jameson Land, at the head of Carlsberg Fjord, around Scoresbysund settlement and at the mouth of Schuchert Dal to the north of Hall Bredning. Observations made by K. Birkenmajer and M. Aellen on the distribution of erratic boulders and extent of glaciation in areas to the south and south-west of Carlsberg Fjord and along the east side of Schuchert Dal were kindly made available to me. The work this summer marked the completion of a 'three summer project' of Quatemary mapping in the region. Some results from the first two summers have been published previously (Funder, 1970, 1971). In the map (map 4) some significant field observations have been presented. The distribution of 'Jameson Land plateau drift deposits' on the map is mainly based on observations by F. Surlyk and T. Birkelund which kindly have been put at my disposal. Sample localities of C14 dates are plotted on the map; a list of these dates with short abstracts is found at the end of this report.

Excavations at the Jegliniec hillfort – recent developments in Balt archaeology

Antiquity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (248) ◽  
pp. 684-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Written Sources

The Jatvings, closely related to the Old Prussian, Lithuanian and Latvian tribes, belonged to the Baltic branch of the Indo-Europeans who, in the 5th century BC, migrated north up the Driieper river to settle the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. (Die Balten 1987: 18, 20). On the evidence available, Jatvingia as a complex of tribal communities emerged in the second half of the 1st millennium AD. The historical home of the Jatvings was in the northeastern corner of modern Poland and in the adjacent parts of modern Lithuania. It stretched eastwards across the Masurian Lakeland to the river Neman, touching on the Biebrza river valley in the south and the upper Sheshupa valley in the north (FIGURE 1). Information on Jatvingians survives in early mediaeval written sources: Polish documents, the chronicles of the Ruthenian Dukes and the Teutonic Order, Papal Bulls, etc. Interestingly enough, one of the oldest mentions in western European sources comes from an English source – the Otia imperialia written by Gervase of Tilbury.

scholarly journals Geomorphic History of the Beaver Creek Drainage Basin as Determined from Topographic Map Evidence: Eastern Montana and Western North Dakota, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The South ◽  
Yellowstone River ◽  
The North

The Beaver Creek drainage basin is located along the North Dakota-Montana border slightly to the south of a recognized continental ice sheet margin and immediately to the east of the deep northeast-oriented Yellowstone River valley with Beaver Creek flowing in a north and northeast direction to join the north-oriented Little Missouri River. The Beaver Creek drainage basin originates on an escarpment-surrounded upland and its erosional history was determined by analyzing detailed topographic maps aided by previously made field observations that showed coarse-grained and distinctive alluvium had been transported in an east direction across the Beaver Creek drainage basin and across what is now the deep Little Missouri River valley to sediments making up southwest North Dakota high points containing both the distinctive alluvium and Oligocene age fossils. Drainage divides surrounding the Beaver Creek drainage basin show numerous divide crossings (or notches) linking northwest-oriented Yellowstone River tributary valleys with east-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys and west- or northwest-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys with southeast- or east-oriented Little Missouri River tributary valleys and suggest the Beaver Creek valley eroded headward across a large-scale flood formed anastomosing channel complex. Buttes located just to the east of the Beaver Creek-Little Missouri River drainage divide suggest the east-oriented water removed as much as 150 meters, or more, of Beaver Creek drainage basin bedrock, and even greater amounts of bedrock from regions to the south of the Beaver Creek drainage basin. Topographic map evidence and routes traveled by the distinctive alluvium suggest a continental ice sheet blocked a large and high-level northeast-oriented river and diverted at least some of the water along the ice sheet margin with the east-oriented floodwaters being captured in a progressive sequence by headward erosion of the Little Missouri River, Beaver Creek, and Yellowstone River valleys (in that order).

Underground Houses on the British Columbian Coast

1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Northern California ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Way

Semi-Subterranean houses with an entrance through the roof are a well known feature of the interior of British Columbia, having been described for the Thompson, the Chilcotin, the Shuswap and others of the upper Fraser River valley. They have, in fact, an even wider distribution east of the Coast and Cascade Ranges, extending south over the Plateau and into northern California. Although this type of dwelling existed among the Aleuts, it appears that the coastal people to the south of them, even in Alaska, were either unfamiliar with the pattern or rejected it in favor of others. Sporadically, along the Pacific Coast all the way from California to Bering Sea, house floors were excavated to varying depths, sometimes even to two levels; but, everywhere, the houses characteristically lack the roof entrance and, except for sweathouses in the south and Bering Sea Eskimo dwellings in the north, even the idea of an earth covering is absent. In view of this fundamental divergence, it is interesting that subterranean structures do appear in several places on the coast of British Columbia.

A Sula-Ulúa Pottery Kiln

1941 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Stone ◽  
Conchita Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
River Systems ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Pottery Kiln ◽  
Semi Arid

On the western end of the north coast of Honduras, the outstanding river is the Ulúa, whose basin is formed by the plain of Sula. In the south, the gradually descending steps of the Cordilleras with the open avenues of the Ulúa on the west and her tributaries, the Lindo due south and the Comayagua at the east, bring contact to the wet valley of Sula from the semi-arid interior. Eastward lies the low margin of coast and the lagoons and river systems of the Pijol range. West and southwest is mountain land with an important river valley, the Chamelicon, which merges into the Sula plain. At the north is the open sea, bringing to this region varied influences from many and distant places.

Lithostratigraphy and limiting optical ages of the Pleistocene fill in Fraser River valley near Clinton, south-central British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav B Lian ◽  
Stephen R Hicock
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Glacial Advance

The Fraser River valley near Clinton contains a thick sediment fill that is presently incised down to bedrock. The sequence, approximately 500 m thick, is generally upward fining and consists of up to 100 m of glacigenic debris flow diamicton and glaciofluvial–deltaic gravel and sand at the base, overlain by about 350 m of glaciolacustrine sediments and minor diamicton, which is in turn capped by several metres of till. The sequence is interpreted to represent (i) valley aggradation in response to glaciation, followed by (ii) the impoundment of the valley by sediment and (or) ice, and the formation of a large proglacial lake(s), and finally (iii) overriding of the valley fill by glaciers. This glacial advance sequence can be readily correlated with previously studied units situated immediately to the north, most of which have been associated with the last glaciation; however, the age of these units has been based only on stratigraphic relations. We introduce limiting optical ages from a widespread glaciolacustrine unit that show that the glacial advance sequence was formed, at the earliest, during the penultimate Okanagan Centre Glaciation (oxygen isotope stage 4; ca. 74–59 ka), but almost certainly during the (last) Fraser Glaciation (oxygen isotope stage 2; ca. 24–12 ka). It could not have been deposited during oxygen isotope stage 6, or during an older glaciation.

Quaternary marine terrace chronology, North Canterbury, New Zealand, using amino acid racemization and infrared-stimulated luminescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O.S. Oakley ◽  
Darrell S. Kaufman ◽  
Thomas W. Gardner ◽  
Donald M. Fisher ◽  
Rebecca A. VanderLeest
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
The North ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Mis 5E

AbstractExtensive marine terraces along the North Canterbury coast of the South Island of New Zealand record uplift in this tectonically active area. Although the terraces have been studied previously, applications of Quaternary geochronological techniques to the region have been limited. We use infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL), amino acid racemization (AAR), and radiocarbon to determine ages of terraces at three locations—Glenafric, Motunau Beach, and Haumuri Bluff. We develop an AAR calibration curve for the mollusk speciesTawera spissafrom sites of known age, including the sedimentary sequence of the Whanganui Basin. Bayesian model averaging of the results is used to estimate ages of marine shells from the North Canterbury terraces. By using both IRSL and AAR, we are able to confirm ages using two independent dating methods and to identify one IRSL result that is likely in error. We develop new age estimates for the marine terraces of North Canterbury and propose correlations between sites. This terrace chronology differs significantly from most previous studies, highlighting the importance of numerical dating. The most extensive terraces are from marine isotope stages (MISs) 5a and 5c, with partial reoccupation of one terrace during MIS 3, whereas MIS 5e terraces are notably lacking among those dated.

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