scholarly journals The Biographies of Bodily Ornaments from Indigenous Settlements of the Dominican Republic (AD 800–1600)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Guzzo Falci ◽  
Dominique Ngan-Tillard ◽  
Corinne L. Hofman ◽  
Annelou Van Gijn
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Regional Interaction ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

In this study, we generate novel insights regarding bodily ornaments from indigenous societies of late precolonial Greater Antilles. Previous research has highlighted the sociopolitical role of valuable, exotic, and figurative ornaments, yet there are many gaps in our current understanding of these artifacts. Here, we focus on ornaments from five recently excavated sites in the Dominican Republic (AD 800–1600). We used microwear analysis to investigate each ornament and assess its production sequence and use life. These data permitted the definition of morpho-technical groups, which we then compared to depositional contexts and the regional availability of raw materials. We demonstrate that (1) there was small-scale production of ornaments at the sites, (2) the most recurrent morpho-technical groups were likely imported from production centers, and (3) ornaments of the same group could lead different use lives and be deposited through varied processes. We conclude that bodily ornaments had highly diverse biographies involving local and regional interaction networks.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE FUCTIONAL ROLE OF RICE MILLING COMPANY ON THE WELFARE OF RICE FARMERS IN THE SUB-DISTRICT BUAY MADANG TIMUR DISTRICT OKU TIMUR

Jurnal AKTUAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Aisah Aisah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Processing And Storage

Rice Milling Company is rice industry’s oldest and largest classified in Indonesia, which is able to absorb more than 10 million workers, handles more than 40 million tons of grain.  Rice Milling Company agro-industy is the central point, because this is where the main product is obtained in the form of rice and raw materials for advanced processing of food and industrial products.  Rice Miling Unit in the district of OKU Timur there is some skala, ranging form small-scale, medium-scale to large-scale.  Fuctional benefits of each different scale milling is also different.  The average rice farmers often sell gabahnya to the rice milling unit closest to the place residence, whether it is large-scale, medium and small.  Rice produced by the milling-grinding different quality.  Usually when a large-scale millimg yield of rice is cleaner than the other scale.  But it does not become a reference for milling grain milling usually depends on consumer demand.  The purpose of the study are : 1.  To determine levels of volume (tonnage) and the retention time of each service fuctional rice storage (barns) wich carried a different scale rice milling unit.  2.  To determine differences in the bebefits of economic transactions received by farmers and rice millers of different scale of business, especially when seen from the level of the milling costs, the purchase price of rice by rice milling unit, and the quality of milling services and service scale.  The result show that : the fuctional role of each is different milling.  Large-scale milling has three fuctional roles are : Processing, storage and distribution.  Medium-scale miling functional has two roles, namely : processing and distribution.  While small-scale rice milling unit has only two functional roles are : processing and storage.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter extends the book’s insights about nature, technology, and nation to the larger history of the modern period. While the modern nation loses its grip as a locus of identity and analysis, attempts to understand the operation, disruption, and collapse of continental and global infrastructures continue to mix the natural and the machinic in ways that define them both. Those vulnerabilities emphasize large-scale catastrophe; historiographically, they mask the crucial role of small-scale failures in the experience and culture of late modernity, including its definition of nature. Historical actors turned the uneven geographical distribution of small-scale failures into a marker of distinctive local natures and an element of regional and national identity. Attending to those failures helps not only situate cold-war technologies in the larger modern history of natural and machinic orders; it helps provincialize the superpowers by casting problematic “other” natures as central and primary.

scholarly journals Role of Clean Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Clean Technologies ◽  
The Stability

Sustainable manufacturing is the backbone for the development of standard of living of the country along with its industrial growth. It is a process for meeting development needs while maintaining the stability, integrity and beauty of natural biotic systems such that societal consumption of natural resources is incommensurate with the rate which the nature can replenish itself. It can be more cost and time efficient, especially for small scale production and customized products. In order to have complete and efficient structure of sustainable manufacture it must produce green products by using clean technologies. The manufacturing industries which can integrate the aspect of clean technologies in their technical and financial decisions will hold an important role in winning the everlasting future race. The main objective of this paper is to elaborate the concept and implementation of clean technologies in sustainable manufacturing which includes the process, models and impact assessment of green technologies. The ideas presented in this paper will be quite useful for the researchers and industrialists who are interested in the field sustainable manufacturing.

Foreign Policy: the Realism of Idealism

1952 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Cook ◽  
Malcolm Moos
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Interest ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Different Levels

World politics today is admittedly bipolar, and it seems destined to remain so within the foreseeable future. Beset by its sustained tension, Americans have been led to debate, sometimes acrimoniously, the proper foundations, scope, and content of an effective foreign policy. Since presumably the central theme and central purpose of this debate is the definition of what constitutes the American national interest, the first objective is to define the idea of national interest. Thereafter it is necessary to draw proper deductions relevant to the total world situation, and in turn to apply these deductions as policy to the forces there at work. These forces—political, economic, ideological, and military—in their interconnectedness collectively constitute the raw materials for assessment, judgment, planning, and action in our policy-making.Resultant differences of opinion therefore can take place at different levels. Initially there are vastly divergent concepts of the characteristics of a nation, of the role of nations in the world, and of the nature of interests proper to a nation. The scope of these divergencies is often hidden by our tendency to find in the term “national interest” connotations of particularism, of exclusiveness, of the nation as against, or superior to, the rest of the world.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Biodiesel Production Plants—An Overview

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela De Paola ◽  
Ivan Mazza ◽  
Rosy Paletta ◽  
Catia Giovanna Lopresto ◽  
Vincenza Calabrò
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Renewable Energy Storage

Small-scale plants that produce biodiesel have many social, economic and environmental advantages. Indeed, small plants significantly contribute to renewable energy production and rural development. Communities can use/reuse local raw materials and manage independently processes to obtain biofuels by essential, simple, flexible and cheap tools for self-supply. The review and understanding of recent plants of small biodiesel production is essential to identify limitations and critical units for improvement of the current process. Biodiesel production consists of four main stages, that are pre-treatment of oils, reaction, separation of products and biodiesel purification. Among lots of possibilities, waste cooking oils were chosen as cheap and green sources to produce biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification in a batch reactor. In this paper an overview on small-scale production plants is presented with the aim to put in evidence process, materials, control systems, energy consumption and economic parameters useful for the project and design of such scale of plants. Final considerations related to the use of biodiesel such as renewable energy storage (RES) in small communities are discussed too.

ROLE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF OIL SERVICE FOR THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Витальевна Андрухова ◽  
Светлана Валерьевна Разманова
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Definition Of

В данной статье авторами представлены краткое описание возникновения термина и современное определение национальной безопасности с точки зрения нормативно-правовой базы. Показана значимость добычи нефтяного сырья в рамках сырьевой направленности экспорта, а также нефтесервисных услуг. Доказана необходимость развития рынка нефтесервисных услуг с точки зрения национальной безопасности страны. In this article, the authors provide a brief description of the emergence of the term and the modern definition of national security from the point of view of the regulatory framework. Shown is the importance of the extraction of oil raw materials in the framework of raw materials export, as well as oilfield services. The necessity of developing the oilfield services market from the point of view of the country's national security has been proved.

Financing village enterprises in rural Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vange Mariet Ocasio
Keyword(s):  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Credit Program

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that determine non-farm enterprise revenue and to empirically test the association between access to credit, credit source and firm performance among poor entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Using a Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies and World Bank survey from over 1,700 households in rural Bangladesh, a panel data model is used to control for unobserved heterogeneity among households and explore the determinants of non-farm revenue. Findings The findings suggest that village infrastructure and household labor assets have a positive impact on enterprise development. The findings reveal that the use of rural credit as a production input is important in augmenting revenue for the non-farm enterprise, but there are differential effects by credit source. Research limitations/implications Because the study uses data from a quasi-experimental survey design, unobserved effects that can bias the results must be controlled for. Also, as credit program impacts can be location-specific, caution in generalizing the results of this study must be exercised. Practical implications This study provides evidence on the positive effects of microcredit, family assets and family social capital on economic outcomes and microenterprise growth for poor entrepreneurial households. If enterprise growth is important for development, greater understanding of the determinants of microenterprise performance and the role of credit in the success of microfirms is beneficial for policymakers and the institutions that finance small-scale production. Social implications If it is agreed that entrepreneurship is important in promoting development, self-sufficiency and positive economic outcomes (Yunus, 2007), then credit program design should focus on both the credit needs of the poor and the dynamics inherent in enterprise development for this group of entrepreneurs. Originality/value This paper expands the limited literature on the determinants of microenterprise growth and the role of credit in microenterprise development by tracing a positive link between village infrastructure, family demographics and access to credit. The identification of the factors that determine non-farm enterprise revenue is important for policymakers because enterprise growth is perceived as essential for economic development.

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