scholarly journals Usage-based approaches to language development: Where do we go from here?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA LIEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Relative Type

abstractIn the usage-based approach to children’s language learning, language is seen as emerging from children’s preverbal communicative and cognitive skills. Children construct more abstract linguistic representations only gradually, and show uneven development in all aspects of their language learning. I will present results that show the relationship between children’s emerging linguistic structures and patterns in the speech addressed to them, and demonstrate the effects played by the consistency of markers, the complexity of the construction in question, and relative type and token frequencies within and across constructions. I highlight the contribution made by research that employs naturalistic, experimental, and modelling methodologies, and that is applied to a range of languages and to variability in the errors that children make. Finally, I will outline the outstanding issues for this approach, and how we might address them.

First language development: a usage-based perspective on past and current research

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA LIEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Child Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTI first outline three major developments in child language research over the past forty years: the use of computational modelling to reveal the structure of information in the input; the focus on quantifying productivity and abstraction; and developments in the explanation of systematic errors. Next, I turn to what I consider to be major outstanding issues: how the network of constructions builds up and the relationship between social and cognitive development and language learning. Finally, I briefly consider a number of other areas of importance to a psychologically realistic understanding of children's language development.

INPUT, INTERACTION, AND THE SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNER.Susan M. Gass. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1997. Pp. xi + 189. $45.00 cloth, $22.50 paper.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
James F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Second Language Learner ◽  
Second Language Development ◽  
Readable Book ◽  
The Relationship

Input, interaction, and the second language learner is, as the title suggests, a view of the relationship among input, interaction, and second language development. Susan M. Gass has written an extremely readable book that explicates many of the most discussed issues in second language learning in the 1990s. Her intention, successfully achieved, is to demonstrate where theories and frameworks coincide, not just collide.

Breaking into language in a new modality: the role of input and of individual differences in recognising signs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Elisabeth Hofweber ◽  
Lizzy Aumonier ◽  
Vikki Janke ◽  
Marianne Gullberg ◽  
Chloë Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Learning Language

A key challenge when learning language in naturalistic circumstances is to extract linguistic information from a continuous stream of speech. This study investigates the predictors of such implicit learning amongst adults exposed to a new language in a new modality. Sign-naïve participants (N=93; British-English speakers) were shown a 4-minute weather forecast in Swedish Sign Language. Subsequently, we tested their ability to recognise 22 target sign forms. The target items differed in their occurrence frequency in the forecast, and in their degree of iconicity. The results revealed that both frequency and iconicity facilitated recognition cumulatively. The adult mechanism for language learning thus operates similarly on sign and spoken languages as regards frequency, but also exploits modality-salient properties, e.g., iconicity for sign languages. Individual differences in cognitive skills did not predict recognition. The properties of the input thus influenced adults’ language learning abilities at first exposure more than individual differences.

The Relationship Between Maternal Language Measures and Language Development in Toddlers With Expressive Vocabulary Delays

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Girolametto ◽  
Elaine Weitzman ◽  
Megan Wiigs ◽  
Patsy Steig Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Maternal Language ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Language Input ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Hypothesis

This study examined the relationship between variation in maternal language and variation in language development in a group of 12 children with expressive vocabulary delays. Mothers and their children participated in a parent-mediated intervention that adhered to the interactive model of language intervention. This intervention model arises out of social interactionist accounts of language acquisition and maintains that maternal language input has facilitatory effects on child development. The purpose of this study was to examine two compatible explanations for the facilitatory effects of maternal linguistic input in this intervention model: the responsivity hypothesis and the structural hypothesis. The responsivity hypothesis maintains that linguistic input that is semantically contingent on the child’s vocal or verbal utterances, or responsive to the child’s focus, facilitates language learning. The structural hypothesis posits that structural features of maternal language input that are just one step above the child’s abilities promote language learning. The results of this study indicated robust relationships between maternal use of imitation and expansion at Time 1 and measures of child language at Time 2. These results provided support for the effects of responsive language input on the language abilities of this sample of late talkers. These results have implications for social interaction theory and confirm the import of responsive input as viable intervention techniques for young children with expressive vocabulary delays.

scholarly journals GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SLB NEGERI 1 PEMALANG

Widya Accarya ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
AGUSTYA DYAH NUGRAHAENI ◽  
BURHAN EKO PURWANTO ◽  
KHUSNUL KHOTIMAH
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Abstrak Penelitian ini berisikan tentang gambaran umum mengenai gangguan berbahasa pada anak berkebutuhan khusus dan implikasinya bagi pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SLB Negeri 1 Pemalang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui jenis gangguan berbahasa pada anak berkebutuhan khusus dan implikasinya bagi pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SLB Negeri 1 Pemalang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Sumber data adalah guru atau karyawan di SLB Negeri 1 Pemalang dengan wujud data hasil peserta didik selama mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah yang diperoleh peneliti melalui wawancara yang berupa kartu data, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu pengklasifikasian, pendeskripsian serta penyimpulan kemudian penyajian hasil analisis yaitu menggunakan metode informal.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jenis gangguan Bahasa yang dialami oleh anak di SLB Negeri 1 Pemalang pada dasarnya mereka adalah anak penyandang disabilitas tunanetra, tunarunguwicara, tunadaksa, dan tunagrahita. Gangguan bahasa pada anak tunanetra terletak pada pemahaman serta perasaan mereka kurang baik dimana bahasa yang digunakan dalam komunkasi harus bisa dinalar. Gangguan bahasa pada anak tunarunguwicara terletak  pada pendengaran dan bicaranya sehingga terhambatnya komunikasi lisan/verbal baik secara berbicara ataupun memahami pembicaraan orang lain. Gangguan bahasa pada anak tunadaksa terletak pada kelainan/kerusakan pada otak yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan gerak, kecerdasan, perilaku, adaptasi, komunikasi, koordinasi, dan persepsi. Gangguan bahasa pada anak tunagrahita terletak pada keterbelakangan intelektual yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor terkait yang dapat menyebabkan penderitanya memiliki kecerdasan intelektual di bawah rata-rata, keterbatasan dalam fungsi intelektual yang diantaranya yaitu kecerdasan penalaran, penyelesaian masalah, keterampilan kognitif, dan pembelajaran. Gangguan bahasa pada anak berkebtuhan khusus jika diimplikasikan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia keduanya saling berkaitan   Kata Kunci: Gangguan Berbahasa, Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.   Abstrack                                                                                           This study contains an overview of the language disorder in children with special needs and the implications for Indonesian language study in SLB Negeri 1 Pemalang. The purpose of this research is to know the type of language disorder in children with special needs and the implications for learning Bahasa Indonesia in SLB Negeri 1 Pemalang. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data source is the teacher or employee of SLB Negeri 1 Pemalang with the form of students ' results during the learning activities in schools obtained by researchers through interviews in the form of data cards, and documentation. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques using three techniques, namely classifying, descriptant and presentation and then presenting the results of analysis is using informal methods. The results showed that the type of language disorder experienced by children in the state SLB 1 Pemalang Basically they are children with impaired disability, Tunarunguwicara, Tunadaksa, and disabled. Language disorder in the blind child lies in the understanding and feeling they lack better where the language used in the communication should be normalable. Language disorders in the child's Tunarunguwicara lies in the hearing and speech so that the abuse of verbal /verbal communication either speak or understand the talks of others. The child's language disorder lies in the abnormalities/damage to the brain that can result in impaired motion, intelligence, behaviour, adaptation, communication, coordination, and perception. The language disorder in children of disabled lies in the intellectual retardation caused by several related factors that can cause the sufferer to have below average intellectual intelligence, limitation in intellectual function such as intelligence reasoning, problem solving, cognitive skills, and learning. Language disorders in children are special when implied in Indonesian language learning are interconnected.   Keywords: Language, disorder, children with special needs, Indonesian language learning.

scholarly journals Analisis Bahassa ditinjau dari Karakteristik, Isu Belajar dan Teori Bahasa

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Yessa Maulida ◽  
Neviyarni Neviyarni
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Conditioning Approach ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

This article discusses language in terms of children, issues and theories of language learning. Language is the special capacity that exists in humans to obtain and use complex communication systems, and a language is a specific example of such a system. Issues in language include language development, language and thought processes, language and animals, cultural differences in language and the relationship between the brain and language. Then the two theories of language learning approaches, namely the conditioning approach in language learning, have a basic assumption that language is studied in accordance with the principles of conditioning and a psycholinguistic approach.

Concept formation and language development: count nouns and object kinds

2007 ◽  
pp. 626-634
Author(s):  
Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Inductive Inference ◽  
Count Nouns ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Number Representations ◽  
Category Formation ◽  
Formation Number ◽  
The Relationship

What is the role of language in concept formation in infancy? More specifically, does learning count nouns play a causal role in infants' acquisition of object kind concepts? The relationship between language development and concept formation is an old question that has intrigued psycholinguists, philosophers, and psychologists for decades. Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in this area. Many domains of conceptual representations and the corresponding linguistic representations have been investigated. At the syntactic level, researchers have explored the role of morphsyntax in spatial representations as well as the understanding of false belief. At the lexical level, they have explored how words of various grammatical classes may impact on spatial category formation, number representations, and representations of objects and substances. This article focuses on a universal aspect of language: representations of count nouns that refer to object kinds. It discusses count nouns and categorization, individuation, and inductive inference.

scholarly journals How arbitrary is language?

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1651) ◽  
pp. 20130299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic Monaghan ◽  
Richard C. Shillcock ◽  
Morten H. Christiansen ◽  
Simon Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
The Relationship

It is a long established convention that the relationship between sounds and meanings of words is essentially arbitrary—typically the sound of a word gives no hint of its meaning. However, there are numerous reported instances of systematic sound–meaning mappings in language, and this systematicity has been claimed to be important for early language development. In a large-scale corpus analysis of English, we show that sound–meaning mappings are more systematic than would be expected by chance. Furthermore, this systematicity is more pronounced for words involved in the early stages of language acquisition and reduces in later vocabulary development. We propose that the vocabulary is structured to enable systematicity in early language learning to promote language acquisition, while also incorporating arbitrariness for later language in order to facilitate communicative expressivity and efficiency.

Prediction plays a key role in language development as well as processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A. Johnson ◽  
Nicholas B. Turk-Browne ◽  
Adele E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Learning Domains ◽  
Transitional Probabilities

AbstractAlthough the target article emphasizes the important role of prediction in language use, prediction may well also play a key role in the initial formation of linguistic representations, that is, in language development. We outline the role of prediction in three relevant language-learning domains: transitional probabilities, statistical preemption, and construction learning.

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